New data from the Middle Jurassic of China shed light on the phylogeny and origin of the proboscis in the Mesopsychidae (Insecta: Mecoptera).
New data from the Middle Jurassic of China shed light on the phylogeny and origin of the proboscis in the Mesopsychidae (Insecta: Mecoptera).
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中国中侏罗世的新数据揭示了中心科（昆虫纲：长翅目）长鼻的系统发育和起源
DOI：
10.1186/s12862-015-0575-y
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发表时间：
2016-01-04
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Ren D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin X;Shih MJ;Labandeira CC;Ren D
研究背景中蚤科是长翅目中已灭绝的一个科，包括11个已描述的属，分布于晚二叠世至早白垩世。2009年，在中国东北中生代中期发现了几种保存完好的中喙类化石，表明它们与裸子植物存在着授粉互惠关系，并显示出较高的属级多样性。从那时起，更多的mesopsychid类群已被描述。然而，Mesopsychidae内的属的演化史尚未正式研究，由于数量有限的保存完好的fossils.ResultsHere，我们描述了两个新种，Lichnomesopsycheprochristasp。nov.和Vitimopsyche pristinasp. nov.，并根据内蒙古中侏罗世九龙山组的10个标本，对Lichnomesopsyche daohugouensisRen，Labandeira和Shih，2010的结论进行了修正。从这些新的化石物种和以前报道的代表类群的数据编译后，我们进行了系统发育分析和几何形态测量的研究，现在阐明的分类和系统发育的Mesopsychidae。我们还评估了在长翅目的虹吸长鼻的经常性起源，并提出了一个进化发展模型，其多origin.ConclusionsPhylogenetic和几何形态测量的结果证实了两个新种的建立，每个地衣mesopsycheandVitimopsyche。原始葡萄蕨nov.将VitimopsycheNovokshonov and Sukacheva，2001的存在时间从早白垩世中期延长到中侏罗世晚期。两种分析方法表明，Mesopsyche dobrokhotovaeNovokshonov，1997年与Permopsyche Bashkuev，2011年有联系。中蚤科的系统发育分析支持：（1）中蚤科为单系群，（2）中蚤属为并系群，有待进一步研究;（3）喙在伪多角足虫科中的独立起源，随后在最早的中蚤科中消失，如Epicharmesopsyche，其重新起源于中蚤科的共同祖先（或可能独立地）VitimopsycheandLichnomesopsychelades。第三个结论表明长翅目早期的喙有四到五次起源，其起源可以用进化发育模型来解释。
BackgroundThe Mesopsychidae is an extinct family of Mecoptera, comprising eleven described genera from Upper Permian to Lower Cretaceous deposits. In 2009, several well-preserved mesopsychids with long proboscides were reported from the mid Mesozoic of Northeastern China, suggesting the presence of pollination mutualisms with gymnosperm plants and highlighting their elevated genus-level diversity. Since that time, additional mesopsychid taxa have been described. However, the phylogeny of genera within Mesopsychidae has not been studied formally, attributable to the limited number of well-preserved fossils.ResultsHere, we describe two new species,Lichnomesopsyche prochoristasp. nov. andVitimopsyche pristinasp. nov. and revise the diagnosis ofLichnomesopsyche daohugouensisRen, Labandeira and Shih, 2010, based on ten specimens from the latest Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. After compiling data from these new fossil species and previously reported representative taxa, we conducted phylogenetic analyses and geometric morphometric studies that now shed light on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Mesopsychidae. We also evaluate the recurring origin of the siphonate proboscis in the Mecoptera and propose an evolutionary developmental model for its multiple origins.ConclusionsPhylogenetic and geometric morphometric results confirm the establishment of two new species, each toLichnomesopsycheandVitimopsyche. Vitimopsyche pristinasp. nov. extends the existence of the genusVitimopsycheNovokshonov and Sukacheva, 2001, from the mid Lower Cretaceous to the latest Middle Jurassic. Two methods of analyses indicate an affiliation ofMesopsyche dobrokhotovaeNovokshonov, 1997 withPermopsyche Bashkuev, 2011. A phylogenetic analysis of the Mesopsychidae supports: 1), Mesopsychidae as a monophyletic group; 2),Mesopsycheas a paraphyletic group, to be revised pending future examination of additional material; and 3), the independent origin of the proboscis in the Pseudopolycentropodidae, its subsequent loss in earliest Mesopsychidae such asEpicharmesopsyche, its re-origination in the common ancestor (or perhaps independently) in theVitimopsycheandLichnomesopsycheclades of the Mesopsychidae. The third conclusion indicates that the proboscis originated four or five times within early Mecoptera, whose origin is explained by an evolutionary developmental model.