Natural resource use of gasoline, hybrid, electric and fuel cell vehicles considering land disturbances
Natural resource use of gasoline, hybrid, electric and fuel cell vehicles considering land disturbances
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105256
复制
发表时间：
2020-11
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
Shoki Kosai;Kenyu Matsui;K. Matsubae;E. Yamasue;T. Nagasaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shoki Kosai;Kenyu Matsui;K. Matsubae;E. Yamasue;T. Nagasaka
汽车公司试图实现从内燃机汽车（icev）到新一代汽车（ngv）的车型过渡。许多研究都涉及车辆的资源相关问题。尽管在LCIA的叙述中对资源使用的潜在影响给予了极大的关注，但自然资源的开采量尚未得到充分调查。本文采用总物质需求（total material requirement， TMR）这一评价矿区土地扰动规模的指标，对汽油车、电动汽车、混合动力汽车和燃料电池汽车的自然资源利用进行了评价。利用该方法对汽车生产、运行和维修阶段的全生命周期TMR进行了评估。研究发现，NGV生产使用的资源是GV生产所需资源的两倍以上。特别是，在电动汽车生产中，由于使用Cu，牵引锂离子电池的生产约占总资源开采的一半，而在燃料电池生产中，由于使用Pt，近40%的资源开采归因于燃料电池的生产。在每种类型的车辆中观察到的生命周期TMR和CO2之间的反向趋势表明，最近的交通政策，它们把重点放在排放对环境的影响上，忽视了与资源开发有关的隐藏因素。
Automobile companies have attempted to achieve a transition of vehicle types from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to new-generation vehicles (NGVs). Many studies have addressed the resource-related issues of vehicles. Despite the significant attention to the potential impacts of resource use in the LCIA narrative, the volume of natural resource exploitation has yet to be fully investigated. In this study, the concept of total material requirement (TMR), which is an indicator for assessing the scale of land disturbance caused by mining activities, was employed to evaluate the natural resource use for gasoline vehicles (GVs), electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). Using this approach, the lifecycle TMR of automobiles at the production, operation and maintenance stages was assessed. It was found that NGV production uses more than twice the resources required for GV production. In particular, the production of the traction Li-ion battery accounts for approximately half of the total resource exploitation in the case of EV production due to the use of Cu, and nearly 40% of resource exploitation in the case of FCV production is attributed to the production of fuel cells due to the use of Pt. The inverse trend between lifecycle TMR and CO2, which was observed for each type of vehicle, implies that recent transportation policies, with their focus on environmental implications of emissions, have overlooked the hidden factors associated with resource exploitation.