In situ observations in aircraft exhaust plumes in the lower stratosphere at midlatitudes
In situ observations in aircraft exhaust plumes in the lower stratosphere at midlatitudes
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中纬度低平流层飞机尾气羽流的现场观测
DOI：
10.1029/94jd02298
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. R. Chan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Fahey;E. Keim;E. Woodbridge;R. Gao;K. Boering;B. Daube;S. Wofsy;R. Lohmann;E. Hintsa;A. Dessler;C. Webster;R. May;C. Brock;J. Wilson;R. Miake;R. Brown;José María Rodríguez;M. Loewenstein;M. Proffitt;R. Stimpfle;S. W. Bowen;K. R. Chan
NASA ER-2 高空飞机上的仪器已用于观察同一架飞机在低平流层运行时的发动机排气。与废气羽流的相遇发生在排放后约 10 分钟，空间尺度接近 2 公里，持续时间长达 10 秒。测量包括总活性氮、NO(y)、组成物质NO和NO2、CO2、H2O、CO、N2O、凝结核和气象参数。相遇过程中 CO2 和 H2O 的积分量与燃料燃烧的化学计量（1:1 摩尔）一致。 NO(x) (= NO + NO2)、CO 和 N2O 的排放指数 (EI) 通过同时测量 CO2 来计算。接近 4 g/（kg 燃料）的 NO(x) 的 EI 值与 ER-2 发动机有限地面测试得出的值非常一致。非 NO(x) 物质占排放活性氮的比例不到 20%，与模型评估一致。除了证明飞机羽流检测的可行性外，这些结果还增加了对当前和拟议超音速飞机机队排放预测的信心，从而增强了对大气潜在长期变化评估的信心。
Instrumentation on the NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft has been used to observe engine exhaust from the same aircraft while operating in the lower stratosphere. Encounters with the exhaust plume occurred approximately 10 min after emission with spatial scales near 2 km and durations of up to 10 s. Measurements include total reactive nitrogen, NO(y), the component species NO and NO2, CO2, H2O, CO, N2O, condensation nuclei, and meteorological parameters. The integrated amounts of CO2 and H2O during the encounters are consistent with the stoichiometry of fuel combustion (1:1 molar). Emission indices (EI) for NO(x) (= NO + NO2), CO, and N2O are calculated using simultaneous measurements of CO2. EI values for NO(x) near 4 g/(kg fuel) are in good agreement with values scaled from limited ground-based tests of the ER-2 engine. Non-NO(x) species comprise less than about 20% of emitted reactive nitrogen, consistent with model evaluations. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of aircraft plume detection, these results increase confidence in the projection of emissions from current and proposed supersonic aircraft fleets and hence in the assessment of potential long-term changes in the atmosphere.