Greener Solutions for the Organic Chemistry Teaching Lab: Exploring the Advantages of Alternative Reaction Media
Greener Solutions for the Organic Chemistry Teaching Lab: Exploring the Advantages of Alternative Reaction Media
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有机化学教学实验室的绿色解决方案：探索替代反应介质的优势
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. O. Spessard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. McKenzie;L. Huffman;J. Hutchison;Courtney Rogers;T. E. Goodwin;G. O. Spessard
实施绿色化学的主要方法是发现和开发减少所需溶剂量、完全消除溶剂或依赖新反应介质的合成策略。越来越多的实例表明，更环保的反应溶剂或介质可以提高性能并降低危害。在这里，我们描述了为本科有机化学实验室设计的四个实验，这些实验说明了增强的性能和更环保的方法：（i）涉及两种固体试剂反应的无溶剂羟醛缩合，（ii）无溶剂、室温Diels-Alder反应，随后是分子内亲核酰基取代，（iii）在水中的Diels-Alder反应，和（iv）在聚乙二醇（PEG）中的Diels-Alder反应，其可以使用微波加热进行。在这些实验中使用的替代溶剂或反应介质不仅减少了有害和挥发性有机溶剂的使用，而且还提高了反应效率。
A major approach for implementing green chemistry is the discovery and development of synthetic strategies that reduce the quantity of solvent needed, eliminate it altogether, or rely on new reaction media. An increasing number of examples have demonstrated that greener reaction solvents or media can enhance performance as well as reduce hazard. Here we describe four experiments designed for the undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory that illustrate both enhanced performance and a greener approach: (i) a solventless aldol condensation that involves the reaction of two solid reagents, (ii) a solvent-free, room temperature Diels–Alder reaction followed by an intramolecular nucleophilic acyl substitution, (iii) a Diels–Alder reaction in water, and (iv) a Diels–Alder reaction in polyethylene glycol (PEG) that may be conducted using microwave heating. The alternative solvents or reaction media used in these experiments not only reduce the use of hazardous and volatile organic solvents but also enhance the ...