Bilingualism and biculturism as individual and as societal phenomena
Bilingualism and biculturism as individual and as societal phenomena
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作为个人和社会现象的双语和双文化主义
DOI：
10.1080/01434632.1980.9993995
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发表时间：
1980
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
J. Fishman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Fishman
摘要 正如双语症是个人双语主义的稳定的社会对应物一样，双民族是个人双文化主义的稳定的社会对应物。双种族需要社会分化以及制度上保护的功能特异性。在“现代”、互动、流动和个人主义的城市工业条件下，这些愿望在意识形态和结构上都很难实现和保留。然而，一些团体已经直观地或有意识地展示了这种安排的天赋。许多双语教育在不知不觉中导致语言和文化领域的过渡而不是稳定的适应。
Abstract Just as diglossia is the stable, societal counterpart to individual bilingualism, so di‐ethnia is the stable, societal counterpart to individual biculturism. Di‐ethnia requires societal compartmentalization as well as institutionally protected functional specificity. These desiderata are hard to attain and to retain — both ideologically and structurally — under “modern”, interactive, mobile and individualistic urban industrial conditions. However, some groups have, intuitively or consciously, displayed a talent for exactly such arrangements. Much of bilingual education unknowingly leads to transitional rather than stable accommodations in the areas of language and culture.