Contributions of children's activities to pesticide hand loadings following residential pesticide application
Contributions of children's activities to pesticide hand loadings following residential pesticide application
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500348
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lioy, PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Freeman, NCG;Hore, P;Lioy, PJ
通过将儿童手上的农药载量与 4 小时内观察到的同一儿童的活动进行比较，评估了儿童活动在导致农药接触中的作用。总共有 10 名年龄在 24 至 55 个月之间的儿童在家中进行常规专业裂缝和缝隙毒死蜱施用后的第二天被录像。在视频会议之前和之后，孩子们用异丙醇冲洗双手。因此，只有在录像过程中积聚并残留在儿童手上的毒死蜱才会在录像结束后被取出进行分析。分析冲洗液中的毒死蜱。使用虚拟跟踪设备对儿童的行为进行量化，并将行为的频率和持续时间、每小时的行为发生率以及行为发生的位置与手上的农药进行比较。录像后获得的手部农药残留量与表面和玩具上的农药含量有关，但与空气水平无关。录像后获得的农药载量还与接触瓶子的频率、持续时间和每小时的频率、物体对嘴的行为以及与软垫/纹理表面的接触持续时间有关。手部负荷还与孩子们表现出物体对嘴行为的位置数量以及孩子们在录像过程中对房屋空间的使用有关。
The role of children's activities in leading to pesticide exposure was evaluated by comparing pesticide loadings on the hands of children with the activities of the same children observed over a 4-h period. In all, 10 children ranging in age from 24 to 55 months were videotaped on the second day following a routine professional crack and crevice chlorpyrifos application in their homes. Before and following the video session, the children's hands were rinsed in isopropyl alcohol. Thus, only the chlorpyrifos that accumulated on and remained on the child's hands during the videotaping were removed for analysis after the videotaping session. The rinsate was analyzed for chlorpyrifos. The children's behaviors were quantified using virtual tracking device and the frequency and duration of behaviors, the hourly rate of behaviors, and the locations in which behaviors occurred were compared to hand loadings of pesticides. Pesticide hand loadings obtained following the videotaping sessions were associated with pesticide levels on surfaces and toys, but not with air levels. Pesticide loadings obtained following the videotaping sessions were also associated with frequencies, durations, and hourly rates of contact with bottles, and object-to-mouth behaviors, as well as contact duration with upholstered/textured surfaces. The hand loadings were also associated with the number of locations where the children exhibited object-to-mouth behavior and with children's use of house space during the videotaping sessions.