Challenges at the Time of COVID-19: Opportunities and Innovations in Antivirals from Nature
Challenges at the Time of COVID-19: Opportunities and Innovations in Antivirals from Nature
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DOI：
10.1055/a-1177-4396
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Kraft, Karin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hensel, Andreas;Bauer, Rudolf;Kraft, Karin
由于病毒感染对人类社会的威胁越来越大，因此对新治疗策略的需求变得更加明显。由于没有针对COVID-19的疫苗，因此必须考虑开发直接作用的抗病毒药物和预防策略。大自然提供了一个巨大的抗感染化合物库，我们可以从中推导出创新的想法，疗法和产品。抗粘附天然产物与受体介导的识别相互作用以及病毒与宿主细胞的早期相互作用，导致病毒的内化减少和感染减少（例如，原花青素-B-2-二-O-没食子酸酯抗流感和疱疹病毒）。木脂素如鬼臼毒素和双环醇对不同的病毒显示出强的抗病毒活性，并且精油可以直接与病毒膜相互作用并减少宿主的炎症反应（例如，1，8-桉叶油素）。紫锥菊提取物刺激免疫系统，生物可利用的碱酰胺是通过与免疫调节大麻素受体相互作用的关键参与者。在中国，COVID-19和SARS-CoV-2感染在一定程度上通过中药制剂得到了成功治疗，虽然现在下结论还为时过早，但已经有了一些有希望的数据。有巨大的潜力，但需要加强研究，以开发具有明确化学特征的循证药物。需要加强研究和开发，因此也需要资金，以利用自然界的储存库来对抗病毒感染。必须考虑基础研究、化学、生药学、病毒学和临床研究的联合行动，以及供应链、可持续采购和经济方面。这篇评论呼吁加强对患者天然产品的创新科学，并为一个更健康的世界！
As viral infections are an increasing threat to human societies, the need for new therapeutic strategies is becoming even more obvious. As no vaccine is available for COVID-19, the development of directly acting antiviral agents and preventive strategies have to be considered. Nature provides a huge reservoir of anti-infectious compounds, from which we can deduce innovative ideas, therapies, and products. Anti-adhesive natural products interact with the receptor-mediated recognition and early interaction of viruses with the host cells, leading to a reduced internalisation of the virus and reduced infections (e.g., procyanidin-B-2-di-O-gallate against influenza and herpes virus). Lignans like podophyllotoxin and bicyclol show strong antiviral activities against different viruses, and essential oils can directly interact with viral membranes and reduce the host's inflammatory responses (e.g., 1,8-cineol). Echinacea extracts stimulate the immune system, and bioavailable alkamides are key players by interacting with immunomodulating cannabinoid receptors. COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infections have, in part, successfully been treated in China by preparations from traditional Chinese medicine and, while it is too early to draw conclusions, some promising data are available. There is huge potential, but intensified research is needed to develop evidence-based medicines with a clearly defined chemical profile. Intensified research and development, and therefore funding, are needed for exploiting nature's reservoir against viral infections. Combined action for basic research, chemistry, pharmacognosy, virology, and clinical studies, but also supply chain, sustainable sourcing, and economic aspects have to be considered. This review calls for intensified innovative science on natural products for the patients and for a healthier world!