The Ambivalence About Distance Learning in Higher Education

The Ambivalence About Distance Learning in Higher Education
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高等教育中远程学习的矛盾心理

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-11743-6_10-1
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Xu, Ying
Xu, Ying
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xu, Di;Xu, Ying

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过去二十年来,美国高等教育体系最重要的趋势之一是在线课程远程教育的稳步增长。大学管理人员对在线教育表示了强烈支持,这表明当前的在线扩张可能会继续下去。尽管在线高等教育的供需正在迅速扩大,但其对增加入学机会、降低成本和提高学生成绩的潜在影响仍然存在疑问。在线教育是否可以提高那些原本不会进入大学的学生接受高等教育的机会?在线课程能否通过减少高等教育机构的资金限制来为学生节省开支?技术创新能否提升在线教育质量?本章全面回顾了在线学习对高等教育入学机会、成本和学生表现影响的现有研究。我们的审查表明,在线教育有潜力扩大进入大学的机会,特别是对于承担多重责任的成人学习者而言。然而,在线授课形式给有效的教学和学习带来了额外的挑战。事实上,现有的大学课程研究通常发现在线授课对课程结果产生负面影响,并且在学业准备不足的学生中,在线成绩下降尤其大。因此,缺乏对学生强有力支持的在线课程可能会加剧教育不平等。我们讨论了一些可以更好地支持在线课程学生的做法,包括战略课程提供、学生咨询、人际互动、警告和监控以及教师的专业发展。然而,大学管理数据表明,具有高度教师互动和学生支持的高质量在线课程的开发和管理成本高于面对面课程。
In the past two decades, one of the most important trends in the US higher education system has been the steady increase in distance education through online courses. College administrators have expressed strong support for online education, signaling that the current online expansion will likely continue. While the supply and demand for online higher education is rapidly expanding, questions remain regarding its potential impact on increasing access, reducing costs, and improving student outcomes. Does online education enhance access to higher education among students who would not otherwise enroll in college? Can online courses create savings for students by reducing funding constraints on postsecondary institutions? Will technological innovations improve the quality of online education? This chapter provides a comprehensive review of existing research on online learning’s impact on access, cost, and student performance in higher education. Our review suggests that online education has the potential to expand access to college, especially among adult learners with multiple responsibilities. Yet, the online delivery format imposes additional challenges to effective instruction and learning. Indeed, existing studies on college courses typically find negative effects of online delivery on course outcomes and the online performance decrement is particularly large among academically less-prepared students. As a result, online courses without strong support to students may exacerbate educational inequities. We discuss a handful of practices that could better support students in online courses, including strategic course offering, student counseling, interpersonal interaction, warning and monitoring, and the professional development of faculty. Yet, college administrative data suggests that high-quality online courses with high degrees of instructor interaction and student support cost more to develop and administer than do face-to-face courses.
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DOI: --
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