Agricultural traffic: Motion resistance and soil compaction in relation to tractor design and different soil conditions
Agricultural traffic: Motion resistance and soil compaction in relation to tractor design and different soil conditions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.still.2011.11.008
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发表时间：
2012-04
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
G. Botta;A. Tolón‐Becerra;M. Tourn;X. Lastra-Bravo;D. Rivero
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Botta;A. Tolón‐Becerra;M. Tourn;X. Lastra-Bravo;D. Rivero
农民可能需要高圆锥指数土壤用于牵引目的，或低圆锥指数（CI）土壤用于根渗透和出苗。任何农用拖拉机的功能都是为自己提供机动性并为机具提供动力。本文的目的是（a）评估两种不同轮胎尺寸和轴载的拖拉机在三种不同土壤力学条件下对运动阻力（MR）和CI的影响，以及（B）确定MR和地面压力参数与轮胎下沉之间的现有关系。采用前轮辅助拖拉机（FWA，载荷=77.7kN）和四轮驱动拖拉机（4 WD，载荷=98.01kN），在直播、翻耕和苗床3种土壤条件下，对粘性土进行了一次通行的模拟试验。概述的假设如下：（1）FWA和四轮驱动拖拉机的底土压实和MR力之间存在直接关系，以及（2）MR产生的功率损失取决于土壤力学。实验在阿根廷滚动潘帕地区东段34°36′S，58°40′W进行。测量MR、车辙深度（RD）和CI。翻耕、苗床和直播土壤的4 WD的MR平均值分别为9.30、6.59和2.31kN，而FWA的MR平均值分别为10.41、7.91和4.67kN。在三种土壤条件下，四轮驱动和FWA之间的RD没有显着差异。对于表层土壤（0- 150 mm），一次FWA通过导致的CI平均值分别为2150、1835和1780 kPa（直播、苗床和翻耕土壤），而四轮驱动的CI值分别为1890、1640和1587 kPa。对于150- 600 mm的底土，4 WD比FWA产生更高的CI值。直播、苗床和翻耕土壤的4 WD的CI平均值分别为2477、2240和1890 kPa，而FWA的CI平均值分别为2240、1870和1770 kPa。对于不同的土壤条件下，底土压实增加的总轴载的增加，独立的地面压力。此外，对于这两种拖拉机，在具有最低承载力的土壤中观察到更大的MR力。最小的功率损失比，由于MR和发动机功率被发现与四轮驱动。
Farmers may desire a high cone index soil for tractive purposes or a low cone index (CI) soil for root penetration and seedling emergence. The function of any agricultural tractor is to provide mobility for itself and to power an implement. The aim of this paper was to (a) assess the impact of two tractors with different tyre sizes and axle loads on motion resistance (MR) and on the CI for three different soil mechanic conditions and (b) determine the existing relationships between MR and ground pressure parameters and tyre sinkage. Traffic was simulated with one pass on clay soil for a front-wheel assist tractor (FWA, load=77.7kN) and a four-wheel drive tractor (4WD, load=98.01kN) on three soil conditions: direct sowing systems, ploughed and seedbed. The outlined hypotheses were as follows: (1) there is a direct relationship between the subsoil compaction and the MR force of the FWA and 4WD tractors, and (2) the power loss produced by the MR depends on the soil mechanics. The experiment was conducted in the eastern section of the Rolling Pampa region of Argentina at 34°36′S, 58°40′W. MR, rut depth (RD) and CI were measured. The MR mean values of the 4WD were 9.30, 6.59 and 2.31kN for ploughed, seedbed and direct sowing soil, respectively, whereas the values for the FWA were 10.41, 7.91 and 4.67kN, respectively. For the three soil conditions, no significant differences were found in the RD between the 4WD and FWA. For the topsoil level (0–150mm), one FWA pass caused mean values in the CI of 2150, 1835 and 1780kPa for direct sowing, seedbed and ploughed soil, respectively, whereas for 4WD the values were 1890, 1640 and 1587kPa, respectively. For the subsoil (150–600mm), 4WD caused higher CI values than the FWA. The CI mean values of the 4WD were 2477, 2240 and 1890kPa for direct sowing, seedbed and ploughed soil, respectively, whereas the values for the FWA were 2240, 1870 and 1770kPa, respectively. For the different soil conditions, the subsoil compaction increased as the total axle load increased, independently from the ground pressure. Moreover, for both tractors, a greater MR force was observed in the soil with the lowest bearing capacity. The smallest power loss ratio due to MR and engine power was found with the 4WD.