Carotenoid modifying enzymes in metazoans.
Carotenoid modifying enzymes in metazoans.
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DOI：
10.1016/bs.mie.2022.05.005
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发表时间：
2022
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类胡萝卜素构成动物和其他非胡萝卜素物种的必需膳食组分，其以其修饰和未修饰的形式使用这些色素。动物利用未裂解的类胡萝卜素来减轻光损伤和氧化应激，并发出健康和健康的信号。类胡萝卜素也作为脱辅基类胡萝卜素的前体，包括视黄醇及其类维生素A代谢物，其通过形成视觉发色团11-顺式-视黄醇醛在动物中执行基本功能。类维生素A，如全反式视黄酸，也可以作为核激素受体的配体。事实上，动物中负责类胡萝卜素代谢的酶和生化途径与植物和其他产生胡萝卜素的物种中的酶和生化途径相似，这表明了一种进化关系。我们将探讨类胡萝卜素基因从类胡萝卜素物种到后生动物的传递方式。这种明显的关系已被成功地利用在过去，以确定和表征新的类胡萝卜素和类维生素A修饰酶。我们将审查用于确定假定的动物类胡萝卜素酶的方法，我们将描述用于功能验证和分析的生物化学类胡萝卜素修饰酶编码的动物。
Carotenoids constitute an essential dietary component of animals and other non-carotenogenic species which use these pigments in both their modified and unmodified forms. Animals utilize uncleaved carotenoids to mitigate light damage and oxidative stress and to signal fitness and health. Carotenoids also serve as precursors of apocarotenoids including retinol, and its retinoid metabolites, which carry out essential functions in animals by forming the visual chromophore 11-cis-retinaldehyde. Retinoids, such as all-trans-retinoic acid, can also act as ligands of nuclear hormone receptors. The fact that enzymes and biochemical pathways responsible for the metabolism of carotenoids in animals bear resemblance to the ones in plants and other carotenogenic species suggests an evolutionary relationship. We will explore some of the modes of transmission of carotenoid genes from carotenogenic species to metazoans. This apparent relationship has been successfully exploited in the past to identify and characterize new carotenoid and retinoid modifying enzymes. We will review approaches used to identify putative animal carotenoid enzymes, and we will describe methods used to functionally validate and analyze the biochemistry of carotenoid modifying enzymes encoded by animals.