Retinal ON and OFF pathways contribute to initial optokinetic responses with different temporal characteristics
Retinal ON and OFF pathways contribute to initial optokinetic responses with different temporal characteristics
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视网膜ON和OFF通路有助于具有不同时间特征的初始视动反应
DOI：
10.1111/ejn.14697
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Furukawa Takahisa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sugita Yuko;Miura Kenichiro;Furukawa Takahisa
视网膜中的视觉信息通过两条途径进行处理：ON和OFF途径，其起源于ON和OFF双极细胞。介导来自光感受器的信号传输的受体的差异意味着对光信号的响应速度在ON和OFF途径之间不同。我们研究了小鼠的初始视动反应（OKR），使用具有刺激间隔（ISI）的两帧运动刺激来理解这些通路的功能差异。当两个连续的图像帧呈现ISI时，观察者经常感知到与实际移位相反方向的运动。这种方向反转的结果从双相性质的时间过滤器在视觉系统中，其特性可以估计从依赖于ISI。我们检查了TRPM 1 −/−小鼠OKR对ISI的依赖性，其ON双极细胞功能失调，以及野生型对照小鼠。当没有ISI存在时，野生型和TRPM 1 −/−小鼠在真实方向上显示出相当的OKR。两种类型的小鼠都显示出随着ISI增加而减少并最终逆转的OKR，但在TRPM 1 −/−中的ISI较短时，方向逆转比野生型小鼠更快。此外，根据对ISI的依赖性估计的TRPM 1 −/−小鼠的时间滤波器被调谐为更高的频率，这表明与野生型小鼠相比，TRPM 1 −/−小鼠的视觉系统对光信号的响应具有更快的动力学。我们的结论是，ON和OFF通路有助于初始OKR提供不同的时间分辨率处理的视觉信号。
Visual information in the retina is processed via two pathways: ON and OFF pathways that originate from ON and OFF bipolar cells. The differences in the receptors that mediate signal transmission from photoreceptors imply that the response speed to light signals differs between ON and OFF pathways. We studied the initial optokinetic responses (OKRs) of mice using two‐frame motion stimuli presented with interstimulus intervals (ISIs) to understand functional difference of these pathways. When two successive image frames were presented with an ISI, observers often perceived motion in the opposite direction of the actual shift. This directional reversal results from the biphasic nature of the temporal filters in visual systems whose characteristics can be estimated from the dependence on ISIs. We examined the dependence on ISIs in the OKRs ofTRPM1−/−mice, whose ON bipolar cells are dysfunctional, as well as in those of wild‐type control mice. Wild type andTRPM1−/−mice showed comparable OKRs in the veridical direction when no ISI was present. Both types of mice showed OKRs that decreased and eventually reversed as the ISI increased, but with a directional reversal at a shorter ISI inTRPM1−/−than wild‐type mice. In addition, the temporal filters ofTRPM1−/−mice estimated from dependence on ISIs were tuned for higher frequencies, suggesting that compared with wild‐type mice, the visual system ofTRPM1−/−mice responds to light signals with faster dynamics. We conclude that the ON and OFF pathways contribute to initial OKRs by providing visual signals processed with different temporal resolutions.