Long-Term Impact of Field Applications of Sewage Sludge on Soil Antibiotic Resistome.
Long-Term Impact of Field Applications of Sewage Sludge on Soil Antibiotic Resistome.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.6b02138
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Wan-Ying Xie;S. McGrath;Jianqiang Su;P. Hirsch;I. Clark;Q. Shen;Yong-guan Zhu;F. Zhao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wan-Ying Xie;S. McGrath;Jianqiang Su;P. Hirsch;I. Clark;Q. Shen;Yong-guan Zhu;F. Zhao
城市污水污泥的土地应用可能会带来将抗生素抗性基因（ARG）从城市环境引入农业系统的风险。然而，污泥资源化和施用方式如何影响土壤抗性基因组和移动的遗传因子（MGEs）仍不清楚。在本研究中，高通量定量PCR进行了从现场试验与过去（1994年和1997年之间）和每年（自1994年以来）应用5种不同的污水污泥的土壤抗性基因。两种污泥施用方式的有机碳总输入量相近。内在土壤耐药基因组，定义为对照和污泥改良地块中土壤共有的ARG，由赋予对多药、β-内酰胺、大环内酯-林可酰胺-链阳性菌素B（MLSB）、四环素、万古霉素和氨基糖苷类的耐药基因组成，其中多药耐药基因是最丰富的成员。土壤中ARGs的丰度与MGE标记基因的丰度之间存在较强的相关性。5种污泥中ARGs的组成和多样性与土壤中ARGs的组成和多样性有很大不同。施用后，污泥中相当比例的ARGs和MGE标记基因减弱，尤其是氨基糖苷类和四环素类抗性基因。每年的应用对土壤抗性基因组造成了更显着的影响，通过持续引入和刺激土壤固有的ARGs。此外，还观察到将污泥特定的ARGs直接引入土壤，特别是从富含ARGs的污泥中。这些结果提供了一个更好的洞察ARG传播的特点，从城市环境到农业系统，通过污水污泥的应用。
Land applications of municipal sewage sludge may pose a risk of introducing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from urban environments into agricultural systems. However, how the sewage sludge recycling and application method influence soil resistome and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) remains unclear. In the present study, high through-put quantitative PCR was conducted on the resistome of soils from a field experiment with past (between 1994 and 1997) and annual (since 1994) applications of five different sewage sludges. Total inputs of organic carbon were similar between the two modes of sludge applications. Intrinsic soil resistome, defined as the ARGs shared by the soils in the control and sludge-amended plots, consisted of genes conferring resistance to multidrug, β-lactam, Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLSB), tetracycline, vancomycin, and aminoglycoside, with multidrug resistance genes as the most abundant members. There was a strong correlation between the abundance of ARGs and MGE marker genes in soils. The composition and diversity of ARGs in the five sludges were substantially different from those in soils. Considerable proportions of ARGs and MGE marker genes in the sludges attenuated following the application, especially aminoglycoside and tetracycline resistance genes. Annual applications posed a more significant impact on the soil resistome, through both continued introduction and stimulation of the soil intrinsic ARGs. In addition, direct introduction of sludge-specific ARGs into soil was observed especially from ARG-rich sludge. These results provide a better insight into the characteristics of ARG dissemination from urban environment to the agricultural system through sewage sludge applications.