2 GENES ENCODE DISTINCT GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASES
2 GENES ENCODE DISTINCT GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASES
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DOI：
10.1016/0896-6273(91)90077-d
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发表时间：
1991-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
TOBIN, AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ERLANDER, MG;TILLAKARATNE, NJK;TOBIN, AJ
γ -氨基丁酸（GABA）是已知在脊椎动物大脑中分布最广泛的抑制性神经递质。GABA还在包括胰腺在内的其他器官中发挥调节和营养作用。大脑中含有两种形式的GABA合成酶谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD），它们在分子大小、氨基酸序列、抗原性、细胞和亚细胞位置以及与GAD辅因子磷酸吡哆醛的相互作用方面存在差异。GAD65和GAD67来自两个基因。这两种GAD的不同性质不仅为理解GABA在神经系统中的多重作用提供了基础，也为理解胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者对GAD的自身免疫反应提供了基础。
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most widely distributed known inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. GABA also serves regulatory and trophic roles in several other organs, including the pancreas. The brain contains two forms of the GABA synthetic enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), which differ in molecular size, amino acid sequence, antigenicity, cellular and subcellular location, and interaction with the GAD cofactor pyridoxal phosphate. These forms, GAD65 and GAD67, derive from two genes. The distinctive properties of the two GADs provide a substrate for understanding not only the multiple roles of GABA in the nervous system, but also the autoimmune response to GAD in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.