The Incidence of US Farm Programs
The Incidence of US Farm Programs
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美国农业计划的发生率
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Alston
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Alston
许多经济学家认为，所有的农业补贴最终都以土地价值的形式资本化。本章从理论和实证两个方面表明，事实并非如此，尽管对于土地所有者、农民和消费者的确切份额存在很大的分歧。回顾文献中的计量经济学模型、多市场模拟和美国农业部门模型的应用，得出了一系列关于土地补贴份额的结果。真相可能存在于完全调整的静态理论模型的结果和计量经济学证据的一般运行之间。即使是所谓的脱钩转移，也有很大一部分流向了农民而不是土地所有者，土地所有者和农场经营者都从补贴中获得了很大一部分净收益。在一个介于两者之间的情况下，根据2005年的市场和政策条件，政府在农业补贴上的每一美元支出，农民得到大约50美分，地主得到大约25美分，国内外消费者得到大约20美分，5美分被浪费。额外的资金被浪费在税收上，以资助支出和管理政策--也许是另外20美分。
Many economists have argued that all farm subsidies are ultimately capitalized in land values. This chapter shows, both theoretically and empirically, that this is not so, although there is much room for disagreement as to the precise shares that accrue to landowners, farmers, and consumers. A review of econometric models in the literature, multimarket simulations, and the application of a sector model of US agriculture yields a range of results about the share of subsidy payments going to land. The truth probably lies in between the results from the static theoretical models with full adjustment and the general run of the econometric evidence. A significant share of even the so-called decoupled transfers goes to farmers rather than landowners, and both landowners and farm operators receive a significant share of the net benefits from subsidies. In an in-between case, based on 2005 market and policy conditions, for every dollar of government spending on farm subsidies, farmers receive about 50 cents, landlords receive about 25 cents, domestic and foreign consumers receive about 20 cents, and 5 cents is wasted. Additional amounts are wasted collecting the taxes to finance the spending and in administering the policies – perhaps another 20 cents.