Indoor residual spraying with alphacypermethrin controls malaria in Pakistan: a community-randomized trial
Indoor residual spraying with alphacypermethrin controls malaria in Pakistan: a community-randomized trial
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00581.x
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发表时间：
2000-07-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Chavasse, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rowland, M;Mahmood, P;Chavasse, D
我们在巴基斯坦进行了一项社区随机对照试验，以确定25 mg/m(2)室内残留喷洒高效氯菊酯（“Fendona”，Cyanamid， NJ， USA）预防恶性疟和间日疟的效果。在旁遮普省谢库普拉区水稻灌溉区对可湿性粉剂（WP）和悬浮剂（SC）配方进行了无喷对照试验。研究区180 km(2)分为9个扇区，随机分为对照、WP和SC处理，每个重复3个。从每个区选择哨点村进行昆虫学和疾病监测。通过每两周主动病例检测（ACD）和对学龄儿童进行寄生虫横断面调查来监测疟疾。通过室内空间喷洒和牲畜捕获来监测蚊子种群。喷洒运动于1997年6月开始，覆盖了96%的小区。喷施后7个月内，喷施wp的区域恶性疟疾发病率比未喷施区域低95%，间日疟疾发病率比未喷施区域低80%。用SC配方喷涂的扇形也得到了类似的结果。横断面调查给出了与ACD相当的疗效估计。7个月间，库氏按蚊种群数量减少80%，优势按蚊斯氏按蚊种群数量减少68%。按蚊产卵率的下降表明单次喷雾处理在整个传播季节都是有效的。喷过的表面没有气味，这促成了这项运动的流行。在巴基斯坦和南亚地区，高效氯氰菊酯是一种很有前途的防治疟疾的杀虫剂。
We conducted a community-randomized controlled trial in Pakistan to determine the efficacy of indoor residual spraying with alphacypermethrin ('Fendona', Cyanamid, NJ, USA), applied at 25 mg/m(2), to prevent falciparum and vivax malaria. Wettable powder (WP) and suspension concentrate (SC) formulations were tested against an unsprayed control in on irrigated rice-growing area of Sheikhupura district, Punjab province. The study area of 180 km(2) was divided into nine sectors, which were assigned at random to control, WP, or SC treatments in replicates of 3. Sentinel villages were selected from each sector for entomological and disease monitoring. Malaria was monitored by fortnightly active case detection (ACD) and by cross-sectional parasite surveys on schoolchildren. Mosquito populations were monitored by space spraying of rooms and by cattle-landing catches. The spray campaign took place in June 1997 and covered 96% of compounds. During the 7 months after spraying, the incidence of falciparum malaria was 95% lower and that of vivax malaria 80% lower in WP-sprayed than unsprayed sectors. Similar results were obtained fur sectors sprayed with the SC formulation. Cross-sectional surveys gave estimates of efficacy comparable to those obtained by ACD. Anopheles culicifacies was 80% less abundant and A. stephensi, the predominant anopheline, was up to 68 % less abundant in sprayed areas over the 7-month period. Reductions in anopheline parous rates indicated that the single-spray treatment was effective for the entire transmission season. Sprayed surfaces lacked odour, which contributed to the popularity of the campaign. Alphacypermethrin is a promising insecticide for the control of malaria in Pakistan and South Asia generally.