Nitrous oxide emissions from silage maize fields under different mineral nitrogen fertilizer and slurry applications
Nitrous oxide emissions from silage maize fields under different mineral nitrogen fertilizer and slurry applications
复制标题
DOI：
10.1023/b:plso.0000047729.43185.46
复制
发表时间：
2004-06
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
J. V. van Groenigen;G. Kasper;G. Velthof;A. van den Pol-van Dasselaar-A.-van-den-Pol-van-Dasselaar-1437517796;P. Kuikman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. V. van Groenigen;G. Kasper;G. Velthof;A. van den Pol-van Dasselaar-A.-van-den-Pol-van-Dasselaar-1437517796;P. Kuikman
集约化奶牛养殖系统是温室气体一氧化二氮（N2 O）的主要排放源，因为草地和青贮玉米田的高氮（N）施用率。本研究的目的是比较两种不同土壤的实测N2 O排放量与默认N2 O排放因子，并基于（i）作物的氮吸收和（ii）系统的氮盈余，即，施氮量减去作物吸氮量。12 N施肥制度上实施的桑迪土壤（典型endoaquoll）和粘土（典型endoaquept）在荷兰，和N2 O排放量进行了测量，在整个生长季节。桑迪和粘土的最高累积通量分别为1.92和6.81 kg N2 O-N ha− 1，最高施用量为250 kg N ha−1。桑迪土壤和粘土中未施肥土壤的背景排放量分别为0.14和1.52 kg N2 O-N ha− 1。桑迪土壤的排放因子平均为0.08，0.51和0.26%的N通过肥料，泥浆，和两者的组合。在粘土中，这些数字分别为1.18，1.21和1.69%。桑迪土和粘质土的剩余氮与N2 O排放量均呈线性相关（R2=0.60和R2=0.40），表明剩余氮与N2 O排放量可能存在替代性排放因子。结果表明，在本研究中，N2 O排放量与氮肥施用量之间不存在线性关系，而是随肥料类型和施用量而变化。最后，相对较高的排放量从粘土表明，背景排放量可能要考虑到N2 O预算。
Intensive dairy farming systems are a large source of emission of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), because of high nitrogen (N) application rates to grasslands and silage maize fields. The objective of this study was to compare measured N2O emissions from two different soils to default N2O emission factors, and to look at alternative emission factors based on (i) the N uptake in the crop and (ii) the N surplus of the system, i.e., N applied minus N uptake by the crop. Twelve N fertilization regimes were implemented on a sandy soil (typic endoaquoll) and a clay soil (typic endoaquept) in the Netherlands, and N2O emissions were measured throughout the growing season. Highest cumulative fluxes of 1.92 and 6.81 kg N2O-N ha−1for the sandy soil and clay soil were measured at the highest slurry application rate of 250 kg N ha−1. Background emissions from unfertilized soils were 0.14 and 1.52 kg N2O-N ha−1for the sandy soil and the clay soil, respectively. Emission factors for the sandy soil averaged 0.08, 0.51 and 0.26% of the N applied via fertilizer, slurry, and combinations of both. For the clay soil, these numbers were 1.18, 1.21 and 1.69%, respectively. Surplus N was linearly related to N2O emission for both the sandy soil (R2=0.60) and the clay soil (R2=0.40), indicating a possible alternative emission factor. We concluded that, in our study, N2O emission was not linearly related to N application rates, and varied with type and application rate of fertilizer. Finally, the relatively high emission from the clay soil indicates that background emissions might have to be taken into account in N2O budgets.