National cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2012
National cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2012
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DOI：
10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2016.02.08
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
He, Jie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chen, Wanqing;Zheng, Rongshou;He, Jie
背景资料：2012年，来自所有可用癌症登记处的基于人群的癌症登记数据由国家中央癌症登记处（NCCR）收集。方法：2015年，中国癌症登记中心共收集261个癌症登记中心上报的2012年癌症发病和死亡数据。根据NCCR数据质量标准对所有数据进行检查和评价。来自193个登记处的合格数据用于癌症统计分析，作为国家估计。汇总数据按地区（城市/农村）、性别、年龄组[0，1-4，5-9，10- 1 - 4，.]，85+]和癌症类型。新的癌症病例和死亡是使用2012年特定年龄组的比率和相应的全国人口估计的。年龄标准化率采用2000年中国人口普查数据和Segi的人口。结果：合格的193个癌症登记处（74个城市和119个农村登记处）覆盖198，060，406人口（城市100，450，109人，农村97，610，297人）。形态学确诊率（MV%）为69.13%，仅死亡证明率（DCO%）为2.38%，病死率/发病率比值（M/I）为0.62。据估计，2012年中国共有3，586，200例新发癌症病例和2，186，600例癌症死亡。发病率为264.85/10万男性289.30/10万，女性239.15/10万，中国标准人群和世界标准人群年龄标化发病率分别为191.89/10万和187.83/10万，累计发病率（0-74岁）为21.82%。城市地区的癌症发病率、ASIRC和ASIRW分别为277.17/10万、195.56/10万和190.88/10万，而农村地区分别为251.20/10万、187.10/10万和183.91/10万。恶性肿瘤死亡率为161.49/10万（男性198.99/10万，女性122.06/10万），中国标准人群和世界标准人群年龄标化死亡率分别为112.34/10万和111.25/10万，累计死亡率（0-74岁）为12.61%。城市恶性肿瘤死亡率、ASMRC和ASMRW分别为159.00/10万、107.231/10万和106.13/10万，农村分别为164.24/10万、118.22/10万和117.06/10万。肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、食道癌、女性乳腺癌、甲状腺癌、宫颈癌、脑瘤和胰腺癌是最常见的癌症，约占所有癌症新症的77.4%。肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌、女性乳腺癌、脑肿瘤、白血病和淋巴瘤是癌症死亡的主要原因，约占所有癌症死亡的84.5%。结论：随着我国肿瘤登记数量的增加、人群覆盖率的提高和数据质量的提高，我国肿瘤监测信息化建设取得了很大进展。癌症登记在癌症控制中发挥着重要作用，它提供了基于人口的癌症发病率、死亡率、生存率和时间趋势的基本信息。我国癌症疾病负担严重，应加强癌症预防控制，包括健康教育、健康促进、癌症筛查和癌症护理服务。
Background: Population-based cancer registration data in 2012 from all available cancer registries were collected by the National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR). NCCR estimated the numbers of new cancer cases and cancer deaths in China with compiled cancer incidence and mortality rates.Methods: In 2015, there were 261 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and deaths occurred in 2012. All the data were checked and evaluated based on the NCCR criteria of data quality. Qualified data from 193 registries were used for cancer statistics analysis as national estimation. The pooled data were stratified by area (urban/rural), gender, age group [0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, ... , 85+] and cancer type. New cancer cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and corresponding national population in 2012. The Chinese census data in 2000 and Segi's population were applied for age-standardized rates. All the rates were expressed per 100,000 person-year.Results: Qualified 193 cancer registries (74 urban and 119 rural registries) covered 198,060,406 populations (100,450,109 in urban and 97,610,297 in rural areas). The percentage of cases morphologically verified (MV%) and death certificate-only cases (DCO%) were 69.13% and 2.38%, respectively, and the mortality to incidence rate ratio (M/I) was 0.62. A total of 3,586,200 new cancer cases and 2,186,600 cancer deaths were estimated in China in 2012. The incidence rate was 264.85/100,000 (289.30/100,000 in males, 239.15/100,000 in females), the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) were 191.89/100,000 and 187.83/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate (0-74 age years old) of 21.82%. The cancer incidence, ASIRC and ASIRW in urban areas were 277.17/100,000, 195.56/100,000 and 190.88/100,000 compared to 251.20/100,000, 187.10/100,000 and 183.91/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The cancer mortality was 161.49/100,000 (198.99/100,000 in males, 122.06/100,000 in females), the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world standard population (ASMRW) were 112.34/100,000 and 111.25/100,000, and the cumulative mortality rate (0-74 years old) was 12.61%. The cancer mortality, ASMRC and ASMRW were 159.00/100,000, 107.231/100,000 and 106.13/100,000 in urban areas, 164.24/100,000, 118.22/100,000 and 117.06/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. Cancers of lung, stomach, liver, colorectum, esophagus, female breast, thyroid cervix, brain tumor and pancreas were the most common cancers, accounting for about 77.4% of all cancer new cases. Lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, female breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia and lymphoma were the leading causes of cancer death, accounting for about 84.5% of all cancer deaths. The cancer spectrum showed difference between urban and rural, males and females both in incidence and mortality rates.Conclusions: Cancer surveillance information in China is making great progress with the increasing number of cancer registries, population coverage and the improving data quality. Cancer registration plays a fundamental role in cancer control by providing basic information on population-based cancer incidence, mortality, survival and time trend. The disease burden of cancer is serious in China, so that, cancer prevention and control, including health education, health promotion, cancer screening and cancer care services in China, should be enhanced.