Investigating early husbandry strategies in the southern Caucasus: intra-tooth sequential carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of Neolithic goats, sheep, and cattle from Goeytepe and Haci Elamxanli Tepe
Investigating early husbandry strategies in the southern Caucasus: intra-tooth sequential carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of Neolithic goats, sheep, and cattle from Goeytepe and Haci Elamxanli Tepe
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研究南高加索地区的早期畜牧策略：对来自 Goeytepe 和 Haci Elamxanli Tepe 的新石器时代山羊、绵羊和牛进行齿内连续碳和氧同位素分析
DOI：
10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102869
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Hirose;M.;Naito;Y. I.;Kadowaki;S.;Arai;S.;Guliyev;F.;Nishiaki;Y.
农业的开始标志着人类历史上粮食获取技术的重大变化。在南高加索，农业村庄大约在公元前6000年出现，比新月沃地晚了2000到3000年，尽管它们在地理上彼此接近。本研究旨在为南高加索早期农业社区的动物放牧策略提供同位素证据。为了分析个体内部的序列碳和氧同位素变化，我们使用了来自新石器时代定居点Göytepe和haci elamxanlir Tepe（阿塞拜疆）的5只山羊、4只绵羊和3头牛的牙釉质。分析还包括在遗址附近吃草的现代家山羊和绵羊的参考样本。结果表明，现代山羊和绵羊样品的碳氧同位素序列变化在整个珐琅质成熟过程中呈现出幅度较大且同步的变化模式。在一些新石器时代的山羊和绵羊样本中也观察到了同样的模式，这表明它们可能全年都在低地遗址附近吃草。其他新石器时代的山羊和牛样本显示出相对较小的振幅和逆周期变化模式。虽然这些模式可能是由多种因素引起的，如饮用水和食物/饲料，但垂直迁移也被认为是类似同位素模式的原因。尽管很难确定所观察到的同位素模式的确切原因，但它们在物种内部/物种之间的多样性表明，在南高加索新的农业前沿，多种放牧策略可能具有适应性优势。
The beginning of agriculture marks major changes in food acquisition technology in human history. In the southern Caucasus, agricultural villages emerged around 6000 cal. BC, 2000 to 3000 years later than in the Fertile Crescent despite their geographical closeness to each other. This study aims to provide isotopic evidence indicative of animal herding strategies in the early farming communities in the southern Caucasus. To analyze intra-individual sequential carbon and oxygen isotope variations, we used tooth enamel of five goats, four sheep, and three cattle from the Neolithic settlements, Göytepe and Hacı Elamxanlı Tepe (Azerbaijan). The analyses also included reference samples of modern domestic goat and sheep that are known to have grazed in the vicinity of the sites. As a result, the sequential carbon and oxygen isotope variations of the modern goat and sheep samples showed large amplitude and a synchronous pattern during the whole enamel maturation period. The same pattern was observed in some of the Neolithic goat and sheep samples, suggesting they may have grazed in the vicinity of the lowland site throughout the year. Other Neolithic goat and cattle samples exhibited relatively small amplitudes and inverse cyclical variation patterns. While these patterns may have been caused by multiple factors, such as drinking water and food/fodder, vertical transhumance has also been proposed for the similar isotope patterns. Despite the difficulty in specifying exact causes for the observed isotopic patterns, their diversity within/among the species implies multiple pastoral strategies that may have had adaptive advantages in new agricultural frontiers in the southern Caucasus.