Adolescents view social exclusion based on social class as more wrong than do children.
Adolescents view social exclusion based on social class as more wrong than do children.
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青少年认为基于社会阶层的社会排斥比儿童更错误。
DOI：
10.1037/dev0001564
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Killen, Melanie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gönül, Buse;Sahin-Acar, Basak;Killen, Melanie
对社会地位等级和社会流动性的心理态度往往反映了对基于不平等的能力和权利的陈规定型期望。因社会阶层而遭受排斥的儿童有可能缺乏机会，从而加剧社会差距。最近，发展科学研究了导致社会排斥的态度的起源，反映了对公平的道德判断以及对规范和群体间动态的社会和群体关注。本研究探讨了儿童的推理，群体间排斥的关注社会阶层作为一个潜在的排斥标准，儿童和青少年在同龄人的情况下，在土耳其，一个欠研究的背景下的研究。受试者居住在土耳其大都市地区（N= 270），年龄在8-10岁之间（M年龄= 9.80; SD=. 77; 53.5%女孩）和14-16（M年龄= 15.51; SD=. 93名（61.7%）来自较低和较高的社会经济背景的女孩被要求他们的排斥评估，情感归因，相关的理由，和个人的解决方案。虽然参与者总体上认为基于社会阶层的社会排斥是错误的，但青少年通常认为它比儿童更错误。青少年关注的是不公平待遇和歧视，而儿童则更经常地关注社会排斥的人际方面。来自较低社会经济地位（SES）的老年参与者认为排斥者的意图是歧视性的，而来自较高社会经济地位的老年参与者则希望保护现状。这些发现为儿童和青少年如何评估导致同伴社会排斥的基于社会的偏见提供了新的线索。
Psychological attitudes about social status hierarchies and social mobility often reflect stereotypic expectations about competencies and entitlements based on inequalities. Children who experience exclusion based on social class are at risk of experiencing a lack of opportunities, contributing to societal disparities. Recently, developmental science has examined the origins of attitudes that contribute to social exclusion, reflecting moral judgments about fairness as well as societal and group-based concerns about norms and intergroup dynamics. This study investigated children’s reasoning about intergroup exclusion by focusing on social class as a potential exclusion criterion for children and adolescents in peer contexts in Türkiye, an understudied context for research. Participants living in a metropolitan area of Türkiye (N= 270) between the ages of 8–10 (M age= 9.80; SD=. 77; 53.5% girls) and 14–16 (M age= 15.51; SD=. 93, 61.7% girls) from lower and higher socioeconomic backgrounds were asked for their exclusion evaluations, emotion attributions, related justifications, and individual solutions. While participants overall viewed social class-based social exclusion as wrong, adolescents typically viewed it as more wrong than did children. Adolescents focused on unfair treatment and discrimination, whereas children focused on interpersonal aspects of social exclusion more frequently. Older participants from lower socioeconomic status (SES) viewed the excluders’ intentions as discriminatory more often than did older participants from higher SES who desired to protect the status quo. These findings shed new light on how children and adolescents evaluate societal-based biases contributing to peer social exclusion.