Securing a sustainable future for US seafood in the wake of a global crisis
Securing a sustainable future for US seafood in the wake of a global crisis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104328
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发表时间：
2021-01-13
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Baum, Julia K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Froehlich, Halley E.;Gentry, Rebecca R.;Baum, Julia K.
由于当前与中国的贸易战、持续的全球COVID-19大流行以及新的治理要求，美国海产品行业正在经历快速变化。2020年5月签署的《促进美国海产品竞争力和经济增长行政命令》提议放松野生捕捞渔业的管制，并优先考虑水产养殖，重点是近海开发。最近野生捕捞海产品供需的中断可能为可持续水产养殖增长创造空间，但如果忽视行业间的综合管理，扩张也可能破坏野生渔业的生计和经济。在此，我们回顾了美国海产品的现状，并概述了围绕该行政命令的实施和可能的修改的五项指导原则，以促进美国渔业和水产养殖的可持续发展：(1)进行精确和战略性的渔业改革，继续支持可持续的野生渔业；(2)使用基于生态系统的方法整合水产养殖和渔业；(3)改善水产养殖数据收集；(4)解决对水产养殖的社会阻力；(5)调和全球市场中的民族主义。无论国家元首如何，实施这些以科学为依据的原则对于平衡野生捕捞和养殖海产品系统之间的社会生态权衡至关重要，对于确保美国海产品部门在预期波动加剧的未来更具弹性至关重要。
The United States seafood industry is undergoing rapid change, as a result of the current trade war with China, ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, and new governance mandates. The Executive Order on Promoting American Seafood Competitiveness and Economic Growth , signed in May 2020, proposes wild-capture fisheries deregulation and prioritization of aquaculture, with an emphasis on offshore development. Recent disruption of wild-caught seafood supply and demand could create space for sustainable aquaculture growth, but expansion could also undermine wild fisheries livelihoods and economics if integrated management between industries is ignored. Here, we review the current state of US seafood and outline five guiding principles around the implementation, and possible modifications, of the Executive Order to facilitate sustainable US fisheries and aquaculture: (1) make precise and strategic fisheries reforms that continue to support sustainable wild fisheries, (2) integrate aquaculture and fisheries using an ecosystem-based approach, (3) improve aquaculture data collection, (4) address social resistance to aquaculture, and (5) reconcile nationalism in a global market. Regardless of the Head of State, implementation of these science-informed principles is critical for balancing social-ecological tradeoffs between wild captured and farmed seafood systems, and for ensuring a more resilient US seafood sector under an anticipated future of increased volatility.