Electoral Systems in Context
Electoral Systems in Context
复制标题
选举制度的背景
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258658.013.36
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nemoto Kuniaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nemoto;Kuniaki;林昌宏;Nemoto Kuniaki
日本众议院使用的制度（Shugiin，或 HoR）在 20 世纪 90 年代中期从超个人主义的单一不可转让投票制 (SNTV) 改为混合成员多数制 (MMM)。改革预计将带来两党竞争、以政党为中心的竞选和政党集权的趋势。证据普遍支持选举改革理论上预期的后果。然而，选举制度的变革并没有如预期那样彻底改变日本的政党政治。一些被认为是旧选举制度特有的制度和做法，例如个人支持网络和派系，并没有被改革消除。新制度中的其他规则最初被认为是次要的，例如双重候选人资格，但可能对现任优势和杜韦尔热式趋同产生实质性影响。这些表明日本的选举改革为对选举制度的影响进行新的比较研究开辟了道路。
The system used for Japan’s House of Representatives (Shugiin, or HoR) was changed in the mid-1990s from hyperpersonalistic single nontransferable voting (SNTV) to mixed-member majoritarian (MMM). The reform was expected to bring about a move toward two-party competition, party-centered campaigning, and party centralization. Evidence generally supports the theoretically expected consequences of the electoral reform. However, the electoral system change did not completely transform Japanese party politics as expected. Some of the institutions and practices considered peculiar to the old electoral system, such as personal support networks and factions, were not wiped away by the reform. Other rules in the new system initially considered minor, such as dual candidacy, can have a substantive impact on incumbency advantage and Duvergerian convergence. These suggest that Japan’s electoral reform opens the way for new comparative research on the effects of electoral systems.