Discrimination of intentional and random motion paths by pigeons
Discrimination of intentional and random motion paths by pigeons
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DOI：
10.1007/s10071-002-0139-6
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Dittrich, WH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goto, K;Lea, SEG;Dittrich, WH
12只鸽子（Columba livia）接受了去/不去时间表的训练，以区分两种运动模式的点，这对人类观察者来说似乎是“故意”和“非故意”的运动。在实验1中，有意运动刺激包含一个点（“狼”），系统地向另一个点移动，好像跟踪它，和三个干扰物（“羊”）。非故意的运动刺激包括四个干扰，但没有跟踪。鸟类表现出一些改善的歧视，随着会议的进展，但高水平的歧视没有达到。在实验2中，同样的鸟被测试不同的刺激。使用相同的参数，但故意运动刺激中故意移动的点的数量被改变，因此三只狼跟踪一只羊。尽管增强了运动模式的差异，但鸟类在辨别方面没有表现出任何进一步的改善。然而，非故意刺激与奖励相关的鸟类的歧视率有所下降。这些结果表明，鸽子可以区分包含和不包含人类观察者视为有意移动的元素的刺激。然而，由于在实验1中没有发现特征积极效应，因此假设鸽子没有感知或区分这些刺激，因为有意刺激包含非有意刺激缺乏的特征，尽管实验2中看到的会聚可能是鸽子的有效特征。与随机运动相比，Piglets似乎能够识别某种形式的多个同时目标导向的运动，作为一个独特的特征，但似乎并不使用嵌入随机运动中的两个几何图形的简单“有意”运动路径，作为其存在或不存在区分运动显示的特征。
Twelve pigeons (Columba livia) were trained on a go/no-go schedule to discriminate between two kinds of movement patterns of dots, which to human observers appear to be "intentional" and "non-intentional" movements. In experiment 1, the intentional motion stimulus contained one dot (a "wolf") that moved systematically towards another dot as though stalking it, and three distractors ("sheep"). The non-intentional motion stimulus consisted of four distractors but no stalker. Birds showed some improvement of discrimination as the sessions progressed, but high levels of discrimination were not reached. In experiment 2, the same birds were tested with different stimuli. The same parameters were used but the number of intentionally moving dots in the intentional motion stimulus was altered, so that three wolves stalked one sheep. Despite the enhanced difference of movement patterns, the birds did not show any further improvement in discrimination. However, birds for which the non-intentional stimulus was associated with reward showed a decline in discrimination. These results indicated that pigeons can discriminate between stimuli that do and do not contain an element that human observer see as moving intentionally. However, as no feature-positive effect was found in experiment 1, it is assumed that pigeons did not perceive or discriminate these stimuli on the basis that the intentional stimuli contained a feature that the non-intentional stimuli lacked, though the convergence seen in experiment 2 may have been an effective feature for the pigeons. Pigeons seem to be able to recognise some form of multiple simultaneously goal-directed motions, compared to random motions, as a distinctive feature, but do not seem to use simple "intentional" motion paths of two geometrical figures, embedded in random motions, as a feature whose presence or absence differentiates motion displays.