Navigating two-dimensional mazes: chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and capuchins (Cebus apella sp.) profit from experience differently.
Navigating two-dimensional mazes: chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and capuchins (Cebus apella sp.) profit from experience differently.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10071-008-0210-z
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发表时间：
2009-05
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Hopkins W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fragaszy DM;Kennedy E;Murnane A;Menzel C;Brewer G;Johnson-Pynn J;Hopkins W
我们研究了两种非人类灵长类动物的航行是否受到经验的影响。五只黑猩猩和七只卷尾猴(Cebus Apella)使用操纵杆在电脑显示器上呈现的二维迷宫中导航。受试者每次完成192个迷宫。每个迷宫包含一到五个选项，在这些选项中最多有三个选项，正确的路径需要将光标从欧几里得方向移向目标。一些受试者以随机顺序(随机组)完成这些迷宫；另一些受试者按照选择次数和远离目标的圈数递增的固定顺序(有序组)完成这些迷宫。两组中的黑猩猩表现相同，表现出更少的错误和更高的自我纠正错误的比率，随着解决迷宫经验的增加，犯错误的次数明显少于卷尾猴。卷尾猴对呈现方式比黑猩猩更敏感：有序组中的猴子比随机组中的猴子犯的错误更少。然而，卷尾猴在整个测试中的表现变化不大，当正确的路径需要远离目标时，它们仍然特别容易出错。因此，这两个物种对相同的空间挑战和相同的学习环境做出了不同的反应。研究结果表明，与卷尾猴相比，黑猩猩在这项任务中具有很强的优势，无论任务是如何呈现的。我们认为，物种在注意和运动过程的动态组织上的差异导致了他们在这项任务上的表现差异，并预测了其他任务中类似的差异，这些任务要求持续关注动态视觉显示和自我产生的朝向和远离目标的可变运动。
We examined whether navigation is impacted by experience in two species of nonhuman primates. Five chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and seven capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) navigated a cursor, using a joystick, through two-dimensional mazes presented on a computer monitor. Subjects completed 192 mazes, each one time. Each maze contained one to five choices, and in up to three of these choices, the correct path required moving the cursor away from the Euclidean direction toward the goal. Some subjects completed these mazes in a random order (Random group); others in a fixed order by ascending number of choices and ascending number of turns away from goal (Ordered group). Chimpanzees in both groups performed equivalently, demonstrated fewer errors and a higher rate of self-correcting errors with increasing experience at solving the mazes, and made significantly fewer errors than capuchin monkeys. Capuchins were more sensitive to the mode of presentation than chimpanzees: Monkeys in the Ordered group made fewer errors than monkeys in the Random group. However, capuchins’ performance across testing changed little, and they remained particularly susceptible to making errors when the correct path required moving away from the goal. Thus, these two species responded differently to the same spatial challenges and same learning contexts. The findings indicate that chimpanzees have a strong advantage in this task compared to capuchins, no matter how the task is presented. We suggest that differences between the species in the dynamic organization of attention and motor processes contribute to their differences in performance on this task, and predict similar differences in other tasks requiring, as this one does, sustained attention to a dynamic visual display and self-produced movements variably towards and away from a goal.