Alternative splicing and nonsense-mediated decay of circadian clock genes under environmental stress conditions in Arabidopsis.
Alternative splicing and nonsense-mediated decay of circadian clock genes under environmental stress conditions in Arabidopsis.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2229-14-136
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发表时间：
2014-05-19
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Park CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kwon YJ;Park MJ;Kim SG;Baldwin IT;Park CM
生物钟使生物体能够预测其生长栖息地中重复出现的每日和季节性波动，并使其生物学与环境周期同步。植物生物钟由多个转录-翻译反馈环组成，这些反馈环受到环境信号（如光和温度）的影响。近年来，选择性剪接作为调节植物生物钟功能的一个重要分子机制出现。已知一些时钟基因在环境条件变化时会发生选择性剪接，这表明时钟功能通过时钟基因的选择性剪接与环境反应密切相关。然而，时钟基因的选择性剪接事件尚未在分子水平上进行研究。我们系统地研究了拟南芥中主要的时钟基因是否在各种环境条件下发生选择性剪接。我们还研究了时钟基因的RNA剪接变体的命运。研究发现，包括EARLY FLOWARTH 3（ELF 3）和ZEITLUPE（ZTL）在内的生物钟基因，通过内含子保留、外显子跳跃和选择5′剪接位点等多种剪接方式，进行广泛的选择性剪接。他们的选择性剪接模式的差异影响光周期，极端温度和盐胁迫的变化。值得注意的是，RNA剪接变体的时序CAB表达1（TOC 1）和ELF 3通过无义介导的衰变（NMD）途径降解，而其他时钟基因的RNA剪接变体对NMD不敏感。两者合计，我们的观察表明，主要的时钟基因检查进行广泛的选择性剪接在不同的环境条件下，这表明选择性剪接是一个分子方案的基础之间的联系的时钟和环境胁迫适应植物。还设想时钟基因的选择性剪接发挥比先前预期的更复杂的作用。
The circadian clock enables living organisms to anticipate recurring daily and seasonal fluctuations in their growth habitats and synchronize their biology to the environmental cycle. The plant circadian clock consists of multiple transcription-translation feedback loops that are entrained by environmental signals, such as light and temperature. In recent years, alternative splicing emerges as an important molecular mechanism that modulates the clock function in plants. Several clock genes are known to undergo alternative splicing in response to changes in environmental conditions, suggesting that the clock function is intimately associated with environmental responses via the alternative splicing of the clock genes. However, the alternative splicing events of the clock genes have not been studied at the molecular level. We systematically examined whether major clock genes undergo alternative splicing under various environmental conditions in Arabidopsis. We also investigated the fates of the RNA splice variants of the clock genes. It was found that the clock genes, including EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) and ZEITLUPE (ZTL) that have not been studied in terms of alternative splicing, undergo extensive alternative splicing through diverse modes of splicing events, such as intron retention, exon skipping, and selection of alternative 5′ splice site. Their alternative splicing patterns were differentially influenced by changes in photoperiod, temperature extremes, and salt stress. Notably, the RNA splice variants of TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) and ELF3 were degraded through the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway, whereas those of other clock genes were insensitive to NMD. Taken together, our observations demonstrate that the major clock genes examined undergo extensive alternative splicing under various environmental conditions, suggesting that alternative splicing is a molecular scheme that underlies the linkage between the clock and environmental stress adaptation in plants. It is also envisioned that alternative splicing of the clock genes plays more complex roles than previously expected.
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