RNA Localization in the Vertebrate Oocyte: Establishment of Oocyte Polarity and Localized mRNA Assemblages.
RNA Localization in the Vertebrate Oocyte: Establishment of Oocyte Polarity and Localized mRNA Assemblages.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-60855-6_9
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Houston DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oh D;Houston DW
RNA定位是控制细胞结构和功能的基本机制。鱼类和两栖类的早期发育需要特定mRNA的定位，以在合子基因组激活开始之前建立细胞命运的初始差异。这些卵母细胞中的RNA定位（例如，非洲爪蟾和斑马鱼）要求动物-植物极性在卵子发生早期建立，由Balbiani体/线粒体云的形成介导。这种结构作为一个平台，为装配和运输的生殖系决定因素的未来植物极，也成立了本地化的非生殖系转录后，在卵子发生的机器。了解这些极化和定位机制对于了解这些生物体早期胚胎发育的基础以及了解RNA区室化在动物配子发生中的作用至关重要。在这里，我们概述了最近的进展，阐明了在Balbiani体组装水平上建立卵母细胞极性的分子基础，以及在卵母细胞中早期和晚期通路mRNA定位的RNP组装的形成。
RNA localization is a fundamental mechanism for controlling cell structure and function. Early development in fish and amphibians requires the localization of specific mRNAs to establish the initial differences in cell fates prior to the onset of zygotic genome activation. RNA localization in these oocytes (e.g., Xenopus and zebrafish) requires that animal-vegetal polarity be established early in oogenesis, mediated by formation of the Balbiani body/mitochondrial cloud. This structure serves as a platform for assembly and transport of germline determinants to the future vegetal pole and also sets up the machinery for the localization of non-germline transcripts later in oogenesis. Understanding these polarization and localization mechanisms is critical for understanding the basis for early embryonic development in these organisms and also for understanding the role of RNA compartmentalization in animal gametogenesis. Here we outline recent advances in elucidating the molecular basis for the establishment of oocyte polarity at the level of Balbiani body assembly as well as the formation of RNP assemblies for early and late pathway mRNA localization in the oocyte.