Environmental attributes of fungal-like adhesive materials and future directions for bioinspired manufacturing
Environmental attributes of fungal-like adhesive materials and future directions for bioinspired manufacturing
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125335
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发表时间：
2021-02-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Fernandez, Javier G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ng, Shiwei;Song, Bin;Fernandez, Javier G.
这项研究评估了真菌类粘合剂材料（FLAM）的环境影响，这些材料处于生物启发制造可持续性的最前沿，因此可以很好地实现循环经济，因为它们可以在几乎任何生态系统中采购，制造和降解，包括城市环境。FLAM的主要成分（即，纤维素和甲壳素）是普遍存在的，可从不同的材料来源获得，目前的生产做法对环境的影响将因材料来源而异。在这里，摇篮到门的生命周期评估进行了四种情况下，不同的材料来源。深入了解技术在当前状态下对环境的影响，并确定在未来发展中优先考虑的关键领域。主要贡献者是材料运输和化学品使用（即，氢氧化钠），这大大改善了FLAM生产基于区域供应商，并减少了原材料的进口距离。其次，确定纤维素选择必须基于区域可用的制浆技术，因为使用原始或回收的纤维素纤维对FLAM生产的影响可以忽略不计。最后，人们发现，使用当地生产的壳聚糖从黑色士兵苍蝇是一个积极的步骤，区域化和更短的距离。然而，作为在实验室规模下进行的过程，其需要采用新颖且更有效的生物质分级，例如用于其它养殖节肢动物（例如，虾）。相对于类似的材料，如硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料，在超过一半的环境指标中观察到较低的影响，即使不考虑其无辅助的可堆肥性，也将FLAM定位为目前状态下更可持续的替代品。这里推荐的未来发展方向与基于无处不在的资源，区域生产和生物质资源提取和分级的优化方法的生物启发制造的研究工作产生共鸣，我们认为应该优先考虑。正在进行的和拟议的研究工作的潜在影响突出了FLAM和生物启发制造所带来的独特机会，以最大限度地减少运输和最大限度地提高材料的生态整合，这反过来又为可持续制造的发展提供了独特的前景。(C)2020爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
This study evaluates the environmental impact of fungal-like adhesive materials (FLAMs), which are at the forefront of bioinspired manufacturing for sustainability and are thus well-poised to enable a circular economy because they can be sourced, manufactured, and degraded in almost any ecosystem, including urban environments. The main constituents of FLAMs (i.e., cellulose and chitin) are ubiquitous and available from diverse material sources, and the environmental impact of current production practices would vary depending on material sourcing. Here, cradle-to-gate life-cycle assessments were performed on four scenarios with different material sources to. provide insights into the environmental impact of the technology in its current state and identify critical areas to prioritize in future developments. Key contributors were material transportation and chemical use (i.e., sodium hydroxide), which significantly improved when FLAM production was based on regional suppliers and reduced the import distances of raw materials. Next, it was determined that cellulose selection must be based on regionally available pulping technology because using virgin or recycled cellulose fibers has a negligible impact on FLAM production. Finally, it was found that the use of locally produced chitosan from black soldier flies is a positive step toward regionalization and shorter distances. However, as a process performed at a lab scale, it requires the adoption of novel and more efficient biomass fractionation, such as those being implemented for other farmed arthropods (e.g., shrimp). Relative to similar materials, such as rigid polyurethane foam, lower impacts were observed in more than half the environmental indicators, positioning FLAMs in their current state as a more sustainable alternative, even without considering their unassisted compostability. The direction of future developments recommended here resonates with the research efforts on bioinspired manufacturing based on the convergence of ubiquitous resources, regional production, and optimized methods of extraction and fractionation of biomass resources, which we believe should be prioritized. The potential impact of the ongoing and proposed research efforts highlights the unique opportunity enabled by FLAMs and bioinspired manufacturing to minimize transportation and maximize the ecological integration of materials, which in turn present a unique prospect for the development of sustainable manufacturing. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.