Fusion Blankets and Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactors with Flibe Salt Coolant: Common Challenges, Tritium Control, and Opportunities for Synergistic Development Strategies Between Fission, Fusion, and Solar Salt Technologies
Fusion Blankets and Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactors with Flibe Salt Coolant: Common Challenges, Tritium Control, and Opportunities for Synergistic Development Strategies Between Fission, Fusion, and Solar Salt Technologies
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DOI：
10.1080/00295450.2019.1691400
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发表时间：
2019-12-13
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Lam, Stephen T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forsberg, Charles;Zheng, Guiqiu (Tony);Lam, Stephen T.
高磁场聚变系统的最新进展为开发氟锂铍（Li₂BeF₄）熔盐包层带来了巨大动力，该包层具有四项功能：（1）将聚变中子的高能转化为电力系统所需的热量；（2）将锂转化为氚——聚变燃料；（3）保护磁体免受辐射；（4）冷却将等离子体与熔盐包层隔开的第一壁。氟锂铍是为氟盐冷却高温反应堆所提议的冷却剂，这种反应堆使用清洁的氟锂铍冷却剂和石墨基体包覆颗粒燃料。氟锂铍也是一些熔盐反应堆（MSR）所提议的冷却剂，在这些反应堆中燃料溶解在冷却剂中。氟锂铍作为冷却剂的多种应用为合作的聚变 - 裂变项目带来了巨大动力，以发展基础科学、设计工具、技术（泵、仪器仪表、熔盐净化、材料、氚去除等）以及供应链。其他高温熔盐正在为替代的熔盐反应堆系统和先进的第三代聚光太阳能发电（CSP）系统而开发。氟锂铍熔盐与这些其他熔盐系统的重叠特性为在多个领域开展合作的聚变 - 裂变 - 太阳能项目带来了显著动力。我们描述了裂变和聚变的氟锂铍冷却系统、产生这种协同作用的原因、在使用氟锂铍方面裂变和聚变的异同以及共同面临的挑战。我们综述了（1）氟锂铍熔盐的特性；（2）该技术的现状；（3）在熔盐、热交换器和二次传热回路中捕获和控制氚的选项；（4）与带有储热的动力循环的耦合。描述了氟锂铍系统与其他高温熔盐反应堆和聚光太阳能发电熔盐系统之间的技术重叠。这确定了在裂变、聚变和聚光太阳能发电熔盐项目之间开展合作项目的机会所在。
Recent developments in high-magnetic-field fusion systems have created large incentives to develop flibe (Li2BeF4) salt fusion blankets that have four functions: (1) convert the high energy of fusion neutrons into heat for the power system, (2) convert lithium into tritium-the fusion fuel, (3) shield the magnets against radiation, and (4) cool the first wall that separates the plasma from the salt blanket. Flibe is the same coolant proposed for fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature reactors that use clean flibe coolant and graphite-matrix coated-particle fuel. Flibe is also the coolant proposed for some molten salt reactors (MSRs) where the fuel is dissolved in the coolant. The multiple applications for flibe as a coolant create large incentives for cooperative fusion-fission programs for development of the underlying science, design tools, technology (pumps, instrumentation, salt purification, materials, tritium removal, etc.), and supply chains. Other high-temperature molten salts are being developed for alternative MSR systems and for advanced Gen-III concentrated solar power (CSP) systems. The overlapping characteristics of flibe salt with these other salt systems create significant incentives for cooperative fusion-fission-solar programs in multiple areas. We describe the fission and fusion flibe-cooled systems, what has created this synergism, what is different and the same between fission and fusion in terms of using flibe, and the common challenges. We review (1) the characteristics of flibe salts, (2) the status of the technology, (3) the options for tritium capture and control in the salt, heat exchangers, and secondary heat transfer loops, and (4) the coupling to power cycles with heat storage. The technology overlap between flibe systems and other high-temperature MSR and CSP salt systems is described. This defines where there are opportunities for cooperative programs across fission, fusion, and CSP salt programs.