Concerns, Career Decisions, and Role Changes: A Qualitative Study of Perceptions of Autonomous Vehicles in the Trucking Industry
Concerns, Career Decisions, and Role Changes: A Qualitative Study of Perceptions of Autonomous Vehicles in the Trucking Industry
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担忧、职业决策和角色转变：卡车运输行业对自动驾驶汽车看法的定性研究
DOI：
10.1093/workar/waac037
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chang, Chu-Hsiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Van Fossen, Jenna A;Schuster, Amy M;Sperry, Danielle;Cotten, Shelia R;Chang, Chu-Hsiang
越来越多的自动化可能会取代许多工作中执行的任务，给工人带来新的挑战。然而，人们对工人如何看待自动化知之甚少，包括它如何影响他们的工作态度和离职意图。自动驾驶汽车（AV）是即将改变卡车驾驶工作的新技术的一个例子，卡车驾驶工作绝大多数由老年工人组成。在这项研究中，我们研究了卡车司机、主管和管理人员对自动驾驶汽车采用及其对驾驶工作的影响的态度和担忧，以帮助运输行业在最小的劳动力中断的情况下为自动化做好准备。我们借鉴了经济学中的自利理论和寿命应对理论，以了解工人对自动化的反应。我们进行了焦点小组和采访卡车司机（N = 18），司机的主管（N = 8），和卡车运输公司的高层管理人员（N = 25）。 从主题分析中出现了两个主题：未知和熟练。自动驾驶汽车可能被司机视为威胁，由于广泛的不确定性和对失业和失控的恐惧而引起焦虑。与此同时，驾驶员将更需要适应AV时代。自动驾驶汽车还可能导致驾驶角色的其他变化，这可能对驾驶员的招聘和选择产生影响。我们将我们的研究结果与控制和应对的寿命理论一起解释，并为组织有效地为卡车运输行业的自动化做好准备提供建议。
The increasing adoption of automation will likely replace the tasks performed in many jobs, resulting in new challenges for workers. Yet, little is known regarding how workers perceive automation, including how it may influence their job attitudes and turnover intentions. Automated vehicles (AVs) are one example of new technology poised to alter the job of truck driving, which is overwhelmingly populated by older workers. In this study, we examined truck drivers’, supervisors’, and managers’ attitudes and concerns about AV adoption and its effects on driving jobs to help the transportation industry prepare for automation with minimal workforce disruption. We drew from theorizing on self-interest in economics and lifespan coping theories to contextualize workers’ reactions to automation. We conducted focus groups and interviews with truck drivers (N = 18), supervisors of drivers (N = 8), and upper-level managers of trucking companies (N = 25). Two themes emerged from the thematic analysis:the unknown,andproficiency.AVs may be viewed as threatening by drivers, causing anxiety due to widespread uncertainty and the fear of job loss and loss of control. At the same time, there will be a greater need for drivers to be adaptable for the era of AVs. AVs are also likely to result in other changes to the role of driving, which may have implications for driver recruitment and selection. We interpret our findings together with lifespan theories of control and coping and provide recommendations for organizations to effectively prepare for automation in the trucking industry.