Understanding cognitive and affective mechanisms in social psychology through eye-tracking
Understanding cognitive and affective mechanisms in social psychology through eye-tracking
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103842
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
R. Rahal;S. Fiedler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Rahal;S. Fiedler
社会心理学研究越来越关注社会环境中人类行为背后的认知和情感过程。为了适应这种新兴的兴趣，社会心理学正在接受新的方法论方法。我们认为眼动追踪是一种不引人注目、直接且细粒度的过程追踪技术，对这些新发展具有重要影响。特别是，眼动追踪可以帮助研究人员避免单独依赖自我报告的措施，否则他们的目的是观察和理解过程的必要中断。为了使社会心理学家能够有效地使用眼动追踪，我们对常用的测量方法进行了系统的回顾。在介绍了眼动追踪的基本原理和假设之后，我们回顾了眼动追踪方法，这些方法解决了许多社会心理学核心理论的兴趣概念。具体来说，我们引入选项来衡量处理深度和决策努力，信息加权，搜索策略，认知负荷和唤醒。我们展示了典型研究问题的潜在用途，为如何选择适当的措施和定制设计提供了一个起点，以适应未来眼动追踪在社会心理学中的应用。此外，我们批判性地讨论了所介绍的措施的基础上的限制和辅助假设。最后，我们举例说明了眼动追踪的使用，从当代心理学研究与社会心理学的相关性，并得出结论，在社会心理学的核心议题使用眼动追踪方法的潜在好处的前景。
Social psychological research is increasingly interested in the cognitive and affective processes underlying human behavior in social environments. To match this emerging interest, social psychology is embracing new methodological approaches. We identify eye-tracking as an unobtrusive, direct and fine-grained process tracing technique with promising implications for these new developments. In particular, eye-tracking helps researchers avoid relying on self-report measures alone and otherwise necessary interruptions of the processes they aim to observe and understand. In order to enable social psychologists to effectively use eye-tracking, we provide a systematic review of commonly used measures. Following an introduction of the basic principles and assumptions underlying the use of eye-tracking generally, we review eye-tracking measures addressing concepts of interest for many core theories of social psychology. Specifically, we introduce options to measure processing depth and decision effort, information weighting, search strategies, cognitive load and arousal. We showcase potential uses in exemplary research questions, providing a starting point for how to select appropriate measures and tailor designs to future applications of eye-tracking to social psychology. Further, we critically discuss the limitations and auxiliary assumptions on which the introduced measures are based. Finally, we illustrate the use of eye-tracking with examples from contemporary psychological research with relevance for social psychology, and conclude with an outlook for potential benefits of the use of eye-tracking methods in core topics of social psychology.