Effects of Directionality in Deductive Reasoning: II. Premise Integration and Conclusion Evaluation
Effects of Directionality in Deductive Reasoning: II. Premise Integration and Conclusion Evaluation
复制标题
演绎推理中方向性的影响：II。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
O. Wilhelm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Oberauer;R. Hörnig;A. Weidenfeld;O. Wilhelm
先前的研究（Oberauer & Wilhelm，2000）已经表明，在典型的演绎推理任务的前提下，这两个术语之间存在固有的方向性。通过三个实验，我们研究了内在方向性对整合两个前提和推导结论的时间的影响。我们改变了数字（即，前提中的项的顺序）和推断的方向（即，结论中术语的顺序）在来自各个领域（命题推理、三段论、空间、时间和线性顺序推理）的演绎任务中。图形对前提阅读时间的影响随关系的方向性而变化。推理方向的影响反映了相同的方向性的一个子集的关系。我们建议，两个因素共同负责的前提整合中观察到的方向性效应的很大一部分：关系语句的固有方向性和一个给定的新的条款在第二个前提的一般优势。当且仅当关系在语义上是不对称的时，方向性或关系才影响得出结论的难度，因此方向性必须在整合的心智模型中得到保持。
Previous research (Oberauer & Wilhelm, 2000) has shown an inherent directionality between the two terms linked in premises of typical deductive reasoning tasks. With three experiments we investigated the effect of inherent directionality on the time to integrate two premises and for the derivation of a conclusion. We varied figure (i.e., order of terms in the premises) and direction of inference (i.e., order of terms in the conclusion) in deduction tasks from various domains (propositional reasoning, syllogisms, spatial, temporal, and linear order reasoning). Effects of figure on premise reading times varied with the directionality of the relations. Effects of direction of inference reflected the same directionality for a subset of relations. We propose that two factors are jointly responsible for a large part of observed directionality effects in premise integration: the inherent directionality of relational statements and a general advantage for a given–new order of terms in the second premise. Difficulty of deriving a conclusion is affected by the directionality or relations if and only if the relation is semantically asymmetric, so that the directionality must be preserved in the integrated mental model.