The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Pathophysiology of Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders.
The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Pathophysiology of Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders.
复制标题
DOI：
10.26502/jppd.2572-519x0024
复制
发表时间：
2017-07-24
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kuhn DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Angoa-Pérez M;Anneken JH;Kuhn DM
脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）是一种在脑中高度表达的神经营养因子，对神经元功能的几个方面具有强有力的影响。自20世纪80年代初发现以来，BDNF引起了人们对更好地了解其生理作用的极大兴趣，并已被确立为主要的中枢神经营养因子。BDNF最初合成为前体，pro-BDNF，然后裂解形成成熟的BDNF（m-BDNF）。在pro-BDNF和m-BDNF之间的调节平衡对于生理和病理条件是至关重要的。BDNF的不同作用是通过p75 NT受体（p75 NTR）和原肌球蛋白受体激酶B（Trk B）介导的，p75 NT受体（p75 NTR）与BDNF的前体形式结合，原肌球蛋白受体激酶B与BDNF的成熟形式结合。TrkB和p75 NTR的激活可能产生相反的结果，因为TrkB受体具有明确的营养作用，并且它们的激活被提出介导神经元存活，而p75 NTR可能促进细胞凋亡。BDNF在边缘结构和大脑皮层中高度表达，使其成为调节学习和记忆，情感行为和奖励过程的关键因素。已提出异常BDNF信号传导在许多精神和神经疾病的过程和发展中具有关键作用。此外，用于治疗这些疾病的精神药物已知会激活BDNF信号传导。本综述概述了BDNF参与精神和神经系统疾病的病理学，汇编什么是已知的人类和动物研究。
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin highly expressed in the brain with a potent influence on several aspects of neuronal function. Since its discovery in the early 1980s, BDNF has prompted a great interest in better understanding its physiological role and has been established as the main central neurotrophic factor. BDNF is initially synthesized as a precursor, pro-BDNF, which is then cleaved to form mature BDNF (m-BDNF). A regulated balance between pro-BDNF and m-BDNF is crucial for physiological as well as pathological conditions. The diverse effects of BDNF are mediated through the p75 NT receptor (p75NTR), which binds to its precursor form, and the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), which binds to its mature form. Activation of TrkB and p75NTR may produce opposite outcomes in that TrkB receptors have a well-defined trophic role and their activation is proposed to mediate neuronal survival, whereas p75NTR may promote apoptosis. BDNF is highly expressed in limbic structures and cerebral cortex, making it a crucial factor in the regulation of learning and memory, affective behaviors and reward processes. Abnormal BDNF signaling has been proposed to have a crucial role in the course and development of numerous psychiatric and neurological disorders. Moreover, psychotropic drugs used to treat some of these conditions are known to activate BDNF signaling. The present review gives an overview of the involvement of BDNF in the pathology of psychiatric and neurological disorders, compiling what is known from human and animal studies.