A regional assessment of salt marsh restoration and monitoring in the Gulf of Maine
A regional assessment of salt marsh restoration and monitoring in the Gulf of Maine
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1526-100x.2006.00163.x
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Neckles, Hilary A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Konisky, Raymond A.;Burdick, David M.;Neckles, Hilary A.
我们从缅因湾 36 个已完成或即将进行的恢复项目中收集了盐沼监测数据集，以评估区域监测和恢复实践。数据按功能指标和恢复项目类型（涵洞更换、挖掘工程或沟渠堵塞）进行组织，然后汇总以生成恢复前、恢复后和参考地点的指标平均值。监测数据根据缅因湾自愿议定书的区域标准进行了检查。数据清单显示，植被和盐度指标的收集最为频繁（分别为 89% 和 78% 的地点），而游生物、鸟类和水文测量值仅在大约一半的地点收集。 72% 的站点对参考条件进行了监测。对指标进行分析，以了解项目地点相对于参考区域是否退化，并检测对恢复活动的生态反应。结果表明，与参考区域相比，恢复前的地点潮差较小，盐度水平降低，咸水植物物种覆盖率较高，盐生植物覆盖率较低。恢复后，大约一年后，随着洪水和盐度水平的增加，自然因素迅速反弹，特别是对于涵洞项目。生物反应不太明确，并且发生的时间较长。恢复后三年多，植物群落趋向于恢复盐生植物和减少咸水物种。参考区、受影响区和恢复区的游生物和鸟类指标无法区分。该协议成功地展示了该地区的恢复响应，但结果受到现场实践的区域不一致和相对较少的多年数据集的限制。为了提高未来的评估能力，我们鼓励整个缅因湾盐沼恢复社区更加遵守标准协议。
We compiled salt marsh monitoring datasets from 36 complete or imminent restoration projects in the Gulf of Maine to assess regional monitoring and restoration practices. Data were organized by functional indicators and restoration project types (culvert replacement, excavation works, or ditch plugging) then pooled to generate mean values for indicators before restoration, after restoration, and at reference sites. Monitoring data were checked against the regional standards of a voluntary protocol for the Gulf of Maine. Data inventories showed that vegetation and salinity indicators were most frequently collected (89 and 78% of sites, respectively), whereas nekton, bird, and hydrologic measures were collected at only about half of the sites. Reference conditions were monitored at 72% of sites. Indicators were analyzed to see if project sites were degraded relative to reference areas and to detect ecological responses to restoration activities. Results showed that compared to reference areas, prerestoration sites had smaller tidal ranges, reduced salinity levels, greater cover of brackish plants species, and lower cover of halophyte plants. Following restoration, physical factors rebounded rapidly with increased flood and salinity levels after about one year, especially for culvert projects. Biological responses were less definitive and occurred over longer time frames. Plant communities trended toward recovered halophytes and reduced brackish species at 3+ years following restoration. Nekton and avian indicators were indistinguishable among reference, impacted, and restored areas. The protocol was successful in demonstrating restoration response for the region, but results were limited by regional inconsistencies in field practices and relatively few multiyear datasets. To improve future assessment capabilities, we encourage greater adherence to the standard protocol throughout the Gulf of Maine salt marsh restoration community.