Categories and causality: The neglected direction
Categories and causality: The neglected direction
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cogpsych.2006.01.001
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Hagmayer, York
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Waldmann, Michael R.;Hagmayer, York
指导范畴与因果关系研究的标准方法认为范畴反映了世界上的因果关系。我们提供的证据表明，相反的方向也成立：已在以前的学习环境中获得的类别可能会影响随后的因果学习。在三个实验中，我们表明，相同的因果学习输入产生不同的归因因果能力取决于预先存在的类别的学习样本被分配。有一种强烈的趋势是继续使用旧的概念框架，而不是切换到新的，即使旧的类别不是最佳的预测新的效果，当他们的动机是不同的目标，从目前的背景下的因果发现。然而，我们也发现，先验类别的使用依赖于类别之间的匹配和因果效应。每当类别标签表明自然种类，可以合理地与因果关系的影响，转移观察。当类别是任意的，或者不能与因果效应有合理的联系时，学习者放弃了类别，而使用不同的类别来预测因果效应。(c)2006爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
The standard approach guiding research on the relationship between categories and causality views categories as reflecting causal relations in the world. We provide evidence that the opposite direction also holds: categories that have been acquired in previous learning contexts may influence subsequent causal learning. In three experiments we show that identical causal learning input yields different attributions of causal capacity depending on the pre-existing categories to which the learning exemplars are assigned. There is a strong tendency to continue to use old conceptual schemes rather than switch to new ones even when the old categories are not optimal for predicting the new effect, and when they were motivated by goals that differed from the present context of causal discovery. However, we also found that the use of prior categories is dependent on the match between categories and causal effect. Whenever the category labels suggest natural kinds which can be plausibly related to the causal effects, transfer was observed. When the categories were arbitrary, or could not be plausibly related to the causal effect learners abandoned the categories, and used different categories to predict the causal effect. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.