THE ANATOMY AND FUNCTIONAL AXES OF THE FEMUR
THE ANATOMY AND FUNCTIONAL AXES OF THE FEMUR
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DOI：
10.2106/00004623-198769060-00012
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发表时间：
1987-07-01
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
COOKE, TDV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
YOSHIOKA, Y;SIU, D;COOKE, TDV
对32具尸体股骨进行了关于骨的机械（功能）轴的线性和角度测量。长轴定义为从股骨头中心到后交叉韧带前外侧附着点的直线。横轴定义为穿过后交叉韧带的平行于连接每个上髁的线的线。髁宽度，每一个上髁线的长度，相关性以及深度，但从横向平面的髁的投影显示显着变化，从标本到标本。股骨之间在角度尺寸方面也存在相当大的差异（即，前倾角和近端颈干角，以及远端股骨干外翻角）。经髁平面和股骨中心之间的角度在样本间存在相当大的差异，这与股骨干远端的外翻角度雅阁。平均经髁外翻角（描述为髁与长轴垂线的切线）为3.8度。相比之下，样本之间的差异很小，由轴和长轴的角度。这些标本间的角度变化可能与膝关节骨关节炎的发生和相关畸形的模式有关。它们在选择理想的手术平面以用于通过截骨术或全膝关节置换术来矫正关节炎畸形方面具有重要意义。
Linear and angular measurements were made on thirty-two cadaveric femora with respect to the mechanical (functional) axes of the bone. The long axis was defined as a line from the center of the femoral head to the anterolateral attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament. The transverse axis was defined as a line through the posterior cruciate ligament parallel to the line connecting each epicondyle. The condylar width, the length of each interepicondylar line, correlated well with depth, but the projections of the condyles from the transverse plane revealed significant variations from specimen to specimen. Considerable variation also was found between femora in terms of angular dimensions (that is, the angle of anteversion and the neck-shaft angle proximally, and the valgus angle of the femoral shaft distally). Considerable interspecimen variation in the angles between the transcondylar plane and the femoral center, in accord with the valgus angle of the femoral shaft distally, was also noted. The mean transcondylar valgus angle (described as the tangent of the condyles to the perpendicular of the long axis) was 3.8 degrees. In contrast, little variation among specimens was noted for the angle made by the shaft and the long axis. These interspecimen variations in angular dimensions could possibly be involved in the genesis of osteoarthritis at the knee and the patterns of associated deformities. They are of importance in the selection of the ideal surgical planes that are used to correct arthritic deformities by osteotomy or total knee replacement.