Trade Costs
Trade Costs
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DOI：
10.3386/w10480
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发表时间：
2004-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
James E. Anderson;Eric van Wincoop
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
James E. Anderson;Eric van Wincoop
这篇论文调查了贸易成本的测量-我们知道的，以及我们不知道的，但可能会有用地试图找出答案。关于直接成本衡量的部分和不完整的数据，伴随着对贸易流量和价格的隐性成本的推断。富裕国家的总贸易成本很高。当大力推介数据时，从价税当量约为170%。贫穷国家面临更高的贸易成本。不同国家和不同国家的商品存在很大差异，其中很大一部分是有经济意义的。理论在我们的调查中占据了重要地位，一方面提供了解释和视角，另一方面提出了对未来的改进建议。为正确应用和解释引力理论以及正确处理聚集问题提供了一些新的结果。
This paper surveys the measurement of trade costs --- what we know, and what we don't know but may usefully attempt to find out. Partial and incomplete data on direct measures of costs go together with inference on implicit costs from trade flows and prices. Total trade costs in rich countries are large. The ad valorem tax equivalent is about 170% when pushing the data very hard. Poor countries face even higher trade costs. There is a lot of variation across countries and across goods within countries, much of which makes economic sense. Theory looms large in our survey, providing interpretation and perspective on the one hand and suggesting improvements for the future on the other hand. Some new results are presented to apply and interpret gravity theory properly and to handle aggregation appropriately.