Urban resilience: introducing this issue and summarizing the discussions
Urban resilience: introducing this issue and summarizing the discussions
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城市韧性：介绍这个问题并总结讨论
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Menasce
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mathilde Martin;D. Menasce
对于城市管理者和政策制定者来说，弹性是一个越来越重要的问题。这个概念首先出现在科学界，然后被心理学家和生态学家用来描述一种抵抗不可预见事件并回到事件发生前状态的能力。自世纪之交以来，许多主要城市越来越多地采用弹性战略来规划和管理一系列风险，不仅包括环境风险，还包括经济、社会、粮食安全等风险。城市是恢复力概念的核心，因为它们既是问题的一部分，既是温室气体排放的主要来源，也是自然灾害的潜在受害者——例如，沿海城市容易受到飓风和海平面上升的影响。城市也是未来解决方案的来源，例如，通过弹性城市网络及其在“人类规模”上管理问题的能力。围绕“弹性”一词存在一定程度的分歧，一些人对它包罗万象的性质感到鼓舞，而另一些人则谴责它只是一个笼统的概念。然而，弹性——假设实现合法性的某些战略性、整体性、持久性和协作性条件已经得到满足——可以提供一系列新工具，帮助促进可持续和持久的未来城市的出现。
Resilience is an issue of increasing importance to city managers and policymakers. The idea first emerged in the scientific world and was then taken up by psychologists and ecologists to describe the ability to resist unforeseen events and return to a pre-event state. Since the turn of the millennium, many major cities are increasingly adopting resilience strategies to plan for and manage a range of risks, not only environmental but also economic, social, food security, and so on. Cities are at the center of the idea of resilience insofar as they are simultaneously part of the problem, as the major source of greenhouse gas emissions, but also potential victims of natural disasters – coastal cities are, for example, vulnerable to hurricanes and rising sea levels. Cities are also the source of future solutions, via, for instance, networks of resilient cities and their capacity to manage problems on a “human scale.” There is a measure of disagreement surrounding the term resilience, with some encouraged by its all-embracing nature and others decrying it as simply a catch-all concept. Resilience – assuming that certain strategic, holistic, durability and collaborative conditions for achieving legitimacy have been met – can, however, provide an array of new tools to help foster the emergence of the sustainable and enduring city of tomorrow.