3D Models Reveal the Influence of Achilles Subtendon Twist on Strain and Energy Storage.
3D Models Reveal the Influence of Achilles Subtendon Twist on Strain and Energy Storage.
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DOI：
10.3389/fbioe.2021.539135
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Blemker SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knaus KR;Blemker SS
跟腱（AT）在行走中具有复杂的功能，由于小腿三头肌的负荷而交换能量。AT结构包括三个子腱，它们之间和个体之间表现出可变的扭曲。我们的目标是创建三维有限元（FE）模型，以探索AT的结构-功能关系。通过模拟具有不同扭曲几何形状的有限元模型中的肌腱下加载，我们研究了扭曲肌腱几何形状的解剖变化如何影响肌束长度、应变和能量储存。三个肌腱有限元模型，建立了椭圆形横截面的基础上平均尸体测量，分为不同的几何扭曲（低，中和高）和等比例的子肌腱。肌腱被建模为横向各向同性的，使用拉普拉斯流动模拟定义的束方向，产生束扭曲。规定的力量，代表AT负载在步行过程中，施加到近端肌腱下的末端，与远端固定，并调整，以产生相等的肌腱伸长率在每种情况下，与超声测量一致。在所有模型中，腱下束长度均大于游离肌腱长度1-3.2 mm，并且随着腱下扭转的增大而变长，从低扭转到高扭转的差异为1.2-1.9 mm。腱下沿纤维应变较低，扭转较大，差异为1.4- 2.6%，均小于游离腱纵向应变2- 5.5%。AT中储存的能量也较低，具有较大的扭转，差异为1.8-2.4 J。随着肌腱下扭转的增大，AT的相似伸长导致较低的组织应变和力，因此AT的纵向刚度有效降低，证明肌腱结构如何影响机械行为。
The Achilles tendon (AT) has complex function in walking, exchanging energy due to loading by the triceps surae muscles. AT structure comprises three subtendons which exhibit variable twist among themselves and between individuals. Our goal was to create 3D finite element (FE) models to explore AT structure-function relationships. By simulating subtendon loading in FE models with different twisted geometries, we investigated how anatomical variation in twisted tendon geometry impacts fascicle lengths, strains, and energy storage. Three tendon FE models, built with elliptical cross sections based on average cadaver measurements, were divided into subtendons with varied geometric twist (low, medium, and high) and equal proportions. Tendon was modeled as transversely isotropic with fascicle directions defined using Laplacian flow simulations, producing fascicle twist. Prescribed forces, representing AT loading during walking, were applied to proximal subtendon ends, with distal ends fixed, and tuned to produce equal tendon elongation in each case, consistent with ultrasound measurements. Subtendon fascicle lengths were greater than free tendon lengths in all models by 1–3.2 mm, and were longer with greater subtendon twist with differences of 1.2–1.9 mm from low to high twist. Subtendon along-fiber strains were lower with greater twist with differences of 1.4–2.6%, and all were less than free tendon longitudinal strain by 2–5.5%. Energy stored in the AT was also lower with greater twist with differences of 1.8–2.4 J. With greater subtendon twist, similar elongation of the AT results in lower tissue strains and forces, so that longitudinal stiffness of the AT is effectively decreased, demonstrating how tendon structure influences mechanical behavior.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0022-5096(00)00047-8
发表时间：
2001-04-01
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
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