On Spatial Heterogeneity in Environmental Compliance Costs
On Spatial Heterogeneity in Environmental Compliance Costs
复制标题
论环境合规成本的空间异质性
DOI：
10.3368/le.87.1.28
复制
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Randy A. Becker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Randy A. Becker
本文研究了州以下监管严格程度的变化程度，使用美国人口普查局污染减排成本和支出调查的机构级数据来估计县级环境合规成本指数。县一级的变化被发现解释11至18倍以上的环境合规成本的变化比国家一级的变化，和一个国家内的环境合规成本的范围往往很大。至少有34%的美国县的环境合规成本在统计上与各州不同。结果表明，重要的空间变化是在国家一级的环境监管研究丢失。(JEL Q52、R52）
This paper examines the extent of variation in regulatory stringency below the state level, using establishment-level data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures survey to estimate a county-level index of environmental compliance costs. County-level variation is found to explain 11 to 18 times more of the variation in environmental compliance costs than state-level variation alone, and the range of environmental compliance costs within a state is often large. At least 34% of U.S. counties have environmental compliance costs that are statistically different from their states’. Results suggest that important spatial variation is lost in state-level studies of environmental regulation. (JEL Q52, R52)