Locomotor correlates of the scapholunar of living and extinct carnivorans
Locomotor correlates of the scapholunar of living and extinct carnivorans
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/jmor.21024
复制
发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Meachen, Julie A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dunn, Rachel H.;Cooper, Candice;Meachen, Julie A.
腕骨形态与生态和栖息地的关系正在食肉动物和更普遍的哺乳动物中进行研究。在这里，我们使用3D扫描技术来评估腕骨，舟月，在食肉动物反映生态和栖息地的有用性，并从两个化石遗址重建五个灭绝的食肉动物的生态：兰乔拉布雷亚和自然陷阱洞穴。我们使用GeoMagic和Rhino 3D软件对舟月骨进行3D扫描并测量关节面面积和关节面之间的角度。我们使用多变量方差分析和判别函数分析来分析这些指标的差异。结果表明，舟状月反映了生态信号，具有明确的组的爬行食肉动物和抓/爬食肉动物，然而，系统发育信号也存在于结果与鬣狗，犬科动物，大型猫科动物在不同的morphospaces。已灭绝的物种Miracinonyx trumani（美国猎豹）和Smilodon fatalis（剑齿猫）显示了令人惊讶的结果。trumani与黑豹而不是Acinonyx或Puma组合在一起，这表明它运行，但仍然保留了捕获猎物的能力。S. fatalis与黑豹的群体，但也显示出一些独特的适应，这表明它有一个不同的手腕运动范围比活着的猫。总的来说，舟月是生态学和功能形态学的一个很好的指标，可以作为另一种工具，用于现代和化石食肉动物重建灭绝的生态和运动行为。
The relationship of carpal morphology to ecology and habitat is under studied in carnivorans and more generally in mammals. Here, we use 3D-scanning techniques to assess the usefulness of a carpal bone, the scapholunar, in carnivorans to reflect ecology and habitat, and to reconstruct the ecology of five extinct carnivorans from two fossil sites: Rancho La Brea and Natural Trap Cave. We 3D-scanned scapholunars and measured articular surface areas and angles between articular facets using GeoMagic and Rhino 3D-software. We analyzed the difference in these metrics using multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant function analysis. Results show that the scapholunar reflects ecological signal, with clear groupings of cursorial carnivorans and grappling/climbing carnivorans; however, phylogenetic signal was also present in the results with hyaenids, canids, and large felids in distinct morphospaces. Extinct species Miracinonyx trumani (American cheetah) and Smilodon fatalis (sabertooth cat) showed surprising results with M. trumani grouping with pantherines instead of Acinonyx or Puma, suggesting it runs but still retains the ability to grapple prey. S. fatalis groups with pantherines, but also shows some unique adaptations, suggesting it had a different range of wrist motion than living cats. Overall, the scapholunar is a good indicator of ecology and functional morphology and can be another tool to use in modern and fossil carnivorans to reconstruct extinct ecologies and locomotor behaviors.