The effects of age and sex on cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: Findings from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS) study
The effects of age and sex on cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: Findings from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS) study
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0232855
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发表时间：
2020-05-13
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Braff, David L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Junghee;Green, Michael F.;Braff, David L.
最近出现的证据表明，精神分裂症患者大脑结构和功能的年龄相关变化加速，这引发了一个关于其对认知功能潜在影响的问题。使用大样本的精神分裂症患者和控制和电池的任务在多个认知领域，我们研究了患者是否表现出加速的年龄相关的认知能力下降，以及是否年龄相关的影响女性和男性之间的差异。我们利用了精神分裂症遗传学联盟（COGS-2）第二阶段收集的1，415名精神分裂症患者和1，062名健康社区的数据。一系列认知任务包括字母-数字跨度任务、两种形式的连续表现测试、加州言语学习测试（第二版）、宾夕法尼亚情绪识别测试和宾夕法尼亚面部记忆测试。年龄和性别对认知表现的影响采用一般线性模型进行了研究。我们在大多数认知测量中观察到与年龄相关的变化，男性和女性之间相似。与对照组相比，随着年龄的增长，患者在注意力/警惕性方面表现出更大的恶化，在处理社会信息方面表现出更大的缓慢性。然而，与患者相比，对照组在工作记忆和非文字记忆方面表现出更大的年龄相关变化。与治疗相关的变化（eta（2）（p）为0.001至0.008）远小于组间差异（eta（2）（p）为0.005至0.037）。本研究发现，随着年龄的增长，患者在某些领域的认知能力持续下降，但在其他领域的认知能力下降程度较低或稳定。这些发现表明，精神分裂症患者与年龄相关的认知变化是微妙的，并且在多个认知领域中并不一致。
Recently emerging evidence indicates accelerated age-related changes in the structure and function of the brain in schizophrenia, raising a question about its potential consequences on cognitive function. Using a large sample of schizophrenia patients and controls and a battery of tasks across multiple cognitive domains, we examined whether patients show accelerated age-related decline in cognition and whether an age-related effect differ between females and males. We utilized data of 1,415 schizophrenia patients and 1,062 healthy community collected by the second phase of the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS-2). A battery of cognitive tasks included the Letter-Number Span Task, two forms of the Continuous Performance Test, the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition, the Penn Emotion Identification Test and the Penn Facial Memory Test. The effect of age and gender on cognitive performance was examined with a general linear model. We observed age-related changes on most cognitive measures, which was similar between males and females. Compared to controls, patients showed greater deterioration in performance on attention/vigilance and greater slowness of processing social information with increasing age. However, controls showed greater age-related changes in working memory and verbal memory compared to patients. Age-related changes (eta(2)(p) of 0.001 to .008) were much smaller than between-group differences (eta(2)(p) of 0.005 to .037). This study found that patients showed continued decline of cognition on some domains but stable impairment or even less decline on other domains with increasing age. These findings indicate that age-related changes in cognition in schizophrenia are subtle and not uniform across multiple cognitive domains.