Invasion of freshwater ecosystems is promoted by network connectivity to hotspots of human activity
Invasion of freshwater ecosystems is promoted by network connectivity to hotspots of human activity
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DOI：
10.1111/geb.13051
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发表时间：
2020-04-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Carvalho, Laurence
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapman, Daniel S.;Gunn, Iain D. M.;Carvalho, Laurence
目的人类活动热点区是生态系统干扰和外来入侵的集中地，外来入侵种群由此扩散和扩散。因此，与人类使用的位置的连接可能会影响入侵的可能性。此外，淡水生态系统的连通性可能遵循水文网络。在这里，我们测试了人类娱乐活动的多种形式的连接是否促进了淡水生态系统的生物入侵。位置英格兰，英国。时间段1990- 2018。主要分类群研究了126种非本地淡水鸟类，甲壳类，鱼类，方法机器学习用于预测人类娱乐活动和两种高风险入侵活动的空间梯度。（钓鱼和水上运动）。连接性指数为每一个活动，其中人类的影响衰减活动热点根据欧几里得距离（空间连接）或水文网络距离（下游，上游和沿通道连接）。广义线性混合模型确定的连接类型最相关的入侵物种丰富度的每个组，而控制其他人为和环境drivers.Results连接到人类一般有更强的积极影响比所有其他驱动程序，除了记录的努力。游憩活动的影响强于城市土地覆被，对大多数人群而言，高风险活动的影响强于一般游憩活动。下游的人类连接是最重要的入侵的大多数群体，可能主要反映水文扩散。一个例外是鸟类，空间连接是最重要的，可能是因为陆上的分散capability.Main结论这些研究结果支持的假设，淡水入侵的一部分是由人类活动和物种扩散的水文网络之间的相互作用。通过比较不同人类活动的替代连接类型，我们的方法可以实现与特定类群相关的特定途径和传播机制的强大推断。这将提供证据，支持更好地优先监测和管理入侵的非本地物种。
Aim Hotspots of human activity are focal points for ecosystem disturbance and non-native introduction, from which invading populations disperse and spread. As such, connectivity to locations used by humans may influence the likelihood of invasion. Moreover, connectivity in freshwater ecosystems may follow the hydrological network. Here we tested whether multiple forms of connectivity to human recreational activities promotes biological invasion of freshwater ecosystems.Location England, UK.Time period 1990-2018.Major taxa studied One hundred and twenty-six non-native freshwater birds, crustaceans, fish, molluscs and plants.Methods Machine learning was used to predict spatial gradients in human recreation and two high risk activities for invasion (fishing and water sports). Connectivity indices were developed for each activity, in which human influence decayed from activity hotspots according to Euclidean distance (spatial connectivity) or hydrological network distance (downstream, upstream and along-channel connectivity). Generalized linear mixed models identified the connectivity type most associated to invasive species richness of each group, while controlling for other anthropogenic and environmental drivers.Results Connectivity to humans generally had stronger positive effects on invasion than all other drivers except recording effort. Recreation had stronger influence than urban land cover, and for most groups high risk activities had stronger effects than general recreation. Downstream human connectivity was most important for invasion by most of the groups, potentially reflecting predominantly hydrological dispersal. An exception was birds, for which spatial connectivity was most important, possibly because of overland dispersal capacity.Main conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that freshwater invasion is partly determined by an interaction between human activity and species dispersal in the hydrological network. By comparing alternative connectivity types for different human activities, our approach could enable robust inference of specific pathways and spread mechanisms associated with particular taxa. This would provide evidence to support better prioritization of surveillance and management for invasive non-native species.