Ecologically unequal exchange and the carbon intensity of well-being, 1990–2011
Ecologically unequal exchange and the carbon intensity of well-being, 1990–2011
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生态不平等交换和福祉的碳强度，1990-2011
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
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通讯作者：
Jennifer E. Givens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jennifer E. Givens
摘要 福祉碳强度（CIWB）量化了碳排放与人类福祉之间的关系，是表示和比较民族国家可持续性的一种方式。减少 CIWB 是提高可持续性的一项策略。虽然大多数研究都探讨了经济增长对 CIWB 的影响，但本研究探讨了全球贸易尚未得到充分探索的作用。生态不平等交换理论强调了发展水平不平等的国家对自然环境的资源开发和废物吸收能力的不成比例的获取以及相关的人类福祉影响。借鉴这一理论视角，我想问，全球贸易一体化水平的不平衡和贸易关系的不平衡如何影响各国的CIWB，以及这些关系如何随着时间的推移而变化？我使用纵向建模技术分析了 1990 年至 2011 年 81 个国家的数据。我发现融入全球贸易的不平衡和贸易关系的不平衡影响着各国的 CIWB，而且这种关联因国家的发展水平而异。除了为生态不平等交换理论寻找实证支持外，这项研究还强调了考虑不平等的全球关系及其对可持续性影响的重要性。
ABSTRACT Carbon intensity of well-being (CIWB) quantifies the relationship between carbon emissions and human well-being and is a way to represent and compare the sustainability of nation-states. Reducing CIWB is one strategy to improve sustainability. While most research examines the impact of economic growth on CIWB, this study examines the underexplored role of global trade. Ecologically unequal exchange theory highlights the disproportionate access that countries with unequal levels of development have to resource tap and waste sink capacities of the natural environment and the related human well-being implications. Drawing upon this theoretical perspective, I ask, how do uneven levels of global trade integration and uneven trade relationships affect the CIWB of nations, and how do these relationships change over time? I use longitudinal modeling techniques to analyze data for 81 countries from 1990 to 2011. I find uneven integration into global trade and uneven trade relationships affect the CIWB of nations, and the associations vary by nations’ level of development. In addition to finding empirical support for ecologically unequal exchange theory, this research highlights the importance of considering unequal global relationships and their impacts on sustainability.