Inclusive wealth in the twenty-first century: a summary and further discussion of Inclusive Wealth Report 2018
Inclusive wealth in the twenty-first century: a summary and further discussion of Inclusive Wealth Report 2018
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二十一世纪的普惠财富：《2018年普惠财富报告》总结与进一步探讨
DOI：
10.1007/s12076-019-00229-x
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Shunsuke Managi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Yamaguchi;Moinul Islam;Shunsuke Managi
通过社会福利不下降来判断一个国家的可持续发展越来越普遍。社会福利的决定因素已被测量并用于可持续性分析。特别是，2012年和2014年的《包容性财富报告》报告了包括生产资本、人力资本和自然资本在内的包容性人均财富。在此，我们报告第三版报告的更新情况，涵盖了1990年至2014年140个国家。按人均计算，在过去25年里，140个国家中只有60%的国家的财富没有下降。大多数国家，无论是发达国家还是发展中国家，都属于自然资本消耗和生产资本以及人力资本（在较小程度上）增加的一类。我们还将渔业资源作为自然资本的一部分，我们发现在研究期间只有少数国家增加了渔业资本。包容性财富的增长通常远低于人均GDP，也不像其他发展指数的变化。全球人均总生产资本和人力资本分别增长了94%和28%，而人均自然资本下降了34%。2014年，生产资本、人力资本和自然资本分别占24%、64%和11%，这与世界银行最近的调查结果相似。此外，包容性财富平均约为GDP的12倍，远高于全球传统的财富收入比率，至少与金融化高收入国家的比率相当。
It is increasingly common to judge the sustainable development of nations by non-declining social well-being. Determinants of social well-being have been measured and used for sustainability analysis. In particular, inclusive wealth per capita, which comprises produced, human, and natural capital, was reported in the Inclusive Wealth Report in 2012 and 2014. Here, we report the updates of the third edition of the report, which covers 140 countries from 1990 to 2014. In per capita terms, only 60% out of 140 countries show non-declining wealth for the past quarter century. Most countries, both developed and developing, fall into the group of running down natural capital and increasing produced and, to a lesser extent, human capital. We also include fishery stock as part of natural capital, and we find that only a few countries have increased their fishery capital in the studied period. Inclusive wealth has typically grown much less than GDP per capita and does not resemble change in other development indices. Globally aggregated produced and human capital per capita increased 94% and 28%, respectively, while natural capital per capita declined by 34%. In 2014, produced, human, and natural capital account for 24%, 64%, and 11%, respectively, which is similar to the recent findings by the World Bank. In addition, inclusive wealth is approximately 12 times GDP on average, much higher than conventional wealth-income ratios globally, and is at least at par with those ratios in high-income countries under financialization.