Trading Roles
Trading Roles
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交易角色
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发表时间：
2020
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jane E. Mangan
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文献类型：
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作者：
Jane E. Mangan
波托西位于安第斯山脉的中心，可以说是殖民时代西半球最重要的城市中心。它以其丰富的银矿而闻名于世，并因其劳工征兵而在地区上臭名昭著。《交易角色》以与白银贸易相关的富裕和压迫为背景，强调城市街道、市场和酒馆的日常生活。正如简·E·曼根所展示的那样，食品和饮料交易成为不同种族和阶级背景的波托西诺人最常见的互动场所。在波托西于15世纪40年代建立以来的20年里，该市的大多数居民不再为自己生产食物或酒精；他们购买这些物品。曼根通过对城市经济全盛时期，从1545年发现白银到17世纪末生产衰落之间的日常商业的调查，展示了殖民波托西充满活力的社会史。
利用遗嘱和嫁妆、司法案件、镇议会记录和皇家法令，曼根使波托西繁忙的贸易活跃起来。她根据社会习俗、种族和性别来研究日常的经济交易，阐明了关于卖家地点的谈判，在银色繁荣和萧条过程中维持城市贸易的亲属关系，以及为缓解市场经济压力而发展的信贷实践。曼根认为，在这个殖民的多民族社会中，贸易交流起到了协商身份的场所的作用。在整个研究过程中，她通过她如此生动地描述的商业交易，展示了妇女和土著人民如何在波托西的经济中发挥重要作用。
Located in the heart of the Andes, Potosi was arguably the most important urban center in the Western Hemisphere during the colonial era. It was internationally famous for its abundant silver mines and regionally infamous for its labor draft. Set in this context of opulence and oppression associated with the silver trade, Trading Roles emphasizes daily life in the city’s streets, markets, and taverns. As Jane E. Mangan shows, food and drink transactions emerged as the most common site of interaction for Potosinos of different ethnic and class backgrounds. Within two decades of Potosi’s founding in the 1540s, the majority of the city’s inhabitants no longer produced food or alcohol for themselves; they purchased these items. Mangan presents a vibrant social history of colonial Potosi through an investigation of everyday commerce during the city’s economic heyday, between the discovery of silver in 1545 and the waning of production in the late seventeenth century.
Drawing on wills and dowries, judicial cases, town council records, and royal decrees, Mangan brings alive the bustle of trade in Potosi. She examines quotidian economic transactions in light of social custom, ethnicity, and gender, illuminating negotiations over vendor locations, kinship ties that sustained urban trade through the course of silver booms and busts, and credit practices that developed to mitigate the pressures of the market economy. Mangan argues that trade exchanges functioned as sites to negotiate identities within this colonial multiethnic society. Throughout the study, she demonstrates how women and indigenous peoples played essential roles in Potosi’s economy through the commercial transactions she describes so vividly.