Applied pesticide toxicity shifts toward plants and invertebrates, even in GM crops
Applied pesticide toxicity shifts toward plants and invertebrates, even in GM crops
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DOI：
10.1126/science.abe1148
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发表时间：
2021-04-02
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Wolfram, Jakob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schulz, Ralf;Bub, Sascha;Wolfram, Jakob
农药的影响通常是在施用量的背景下讨论的，而忽略了物质特定毒性的巨大但与环境相关的变化。在这里，我们系统地解释了25年来381种农药使用的变化，考虑了8个非目标物种组的1591种物质特定的急性毒性阈值。我们发现，应用杀虫剂的毒性水生无脊椎动物和传粉动物增加了不可避免的形成鲜明对比的应用杀虫剂，这种增加已被驱动的高毒性拟除虫菊酯和烟碱类，分别。我们还报告了大约自2010年以来，转基因玉米对水生无脊椎动物和传粉者以及耐除草剂大豆对陆生植物的应用毒性增加。我们的研究结果挑战了农药使用对环境影响减少的说法。
Pesticide impacts are usually discussed in the context of applied amounts while disregarding the large but environmentally relevant variations in substance-specific toxicity. Here, we systemically interpret changes in the use of 381 pesticides over 25 years by considering 1591 substance-specific acute toxicity threshold values for eight nontarget species groups. We find that the toxicity of applied insecticides to aquatic invertebrates and pollinators has increased considerably-in sharp contrast to the applied amount-and that this increase has been driven by highly toxic pyrethroids and neonicotinoids, respectively. We also report increasing applied toxicity to aquatic invertebrates and pollinators in genetically modified (GM) corn and to terrestrial plants in herbicide-tolerant soybeans since approximately 2010. Our results challenge the claims of a decrease in the environmental impacts of pesticide use.