"In a Race All Their Own": The Quest to Make Mexicans Ineligible for U.S. Citizenship
"In a Race All Their Own": The Quest to Make Mexicans Ineligible for U.S. Citizenship
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“一场自己的竞赛”：寻求让墨西哥人失去美国公民资格
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
Natalia Molina
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作者：
Natalia Molina
本文追溯了各种团体对墨西哥人法律的和种族地位的挑战，包括联邦官僚、本土主义组织和普通公民。尽管《瓜达卢佩-伊达尔戈条约》有规定，但20世纪初，墨西哥人没有资格获得美国公民身份的努力主要集中在墨西哥人既不是“黑人”也不是“白色”的前提下;利益集团和政治家都努力将墨西哥人归类为“印第安人”。“在1924年《移民法》和最高法院的两项裁决-小泽诉美国案（1922年）和美国诉Bhagat Singh Thind案（1923年）-宣布日本人和亚裔印度人没有资格获得公民身份，因为他们不是白色人之后，这些努力得到了加强。美国解决墨西哥移民和公民身份问题的根本努力是确定谁可以被视为白色的持续问题;这种关注与墨西哥对混血儿的积极理解相冲突。
This article traces challenges to Mexicans9 legal and racial status by various groups, including federal bureaucrats, nativist organizations, and everyday citizens. Early twentieth-century efforts to make Mexicans ineligible for U.S. citizenship, despite provisions in the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, focused on the premise that Mexicans were neither "black" nor "white"; interest groups and politicians both strove instead to categorize Mexicans as "Indian." These efforts intensified after the 1924 Immigration Act and two Supreme Court decisions, Ozawa v. United States (1922) and United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind (1923), which declared Japanese and Asian Indians ineligible for citizenship because they were not white. Underlying U.S. efforts to resolve Mexican immigration and citizenship issues was the ongoing problem of determining who could be considered white; this concern clashed with positive Mexican understandings of mestizaje.