Engineered Living Hydrogels.
Engineered Living Hydrogels.
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工程活水凝胶。
DOI：
10.1002/adma.202201326
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发表时间：
2022-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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中科院分区：
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活的生物系统，从单个细胞到整个生物体，可以感知，处理信息，并响应不断变化的环境条件。受活生物系统的启发，工程活细胞和非生命基质结合在一起，从而产生了工程活材料技术。通过设计活细胞的功能和非活基质的结构，可以创建工程化的活材料，以检测周围环境的变化并相应地调整其功能，从而实现健康监测，疾病治疗和环境修复的应用。水凝胶是一类柔软、湿润和生物相容的材料，已被广泛用作工程化活细胞的基质，导致工程化活水凝胶的新生领域。在这里，我们讨论了水凝胶基质和工程活细胞之间的相互作用，重点是水凝胶如何影响细胞行为和细胞如何影响水凝胶的性质。我们还讨论了工程活水凝胶与其环境之间的相互作用，以及这些相互作用如何实现多功能应用。最后，我们强调了工程活性水凝胶领域在临床和环境环境中应用所面临的当前挑战。工程学、生物学和材料科学的融合为将活微生物整合到水凝胶基质中提供了前所未有的机会。这种整合构建了具有执行与活微生物相关的任务的能力的工程化活水凝胶，例如自我复制，自我适应和环境响应。
Living biological systems, ranging from single cells to whole organisms, can sense, process information, and actuate in response to changing environmental conditions. Inspired by living biological systems, engineered living cells and non-living matrices are brought together, which gives rise to the technology of engineered living materials. By designing the functionalities of living cells and the structures of non-living matrices, engineered living materials can be created to detect variability in the surrounding environment and to adjust their functions accordingly, thereby enabling applications in health monitoring, disease treatment, and environmental remediation. Hydrogels, a class of soft, wet, and biocompatible materials, have been widely used as matrices for engineered living cells, leading to the nascent field of engineered living hydrogels. Here, we discuss the interactions between hydrogel matrices and engineered living cells, focusing on how hydrogels influence cell behaviours and how cells affect hydrogel properties. We also discuss the interactions between engineered living hydrogels and their environments, and how these interactions enable versatile applications. Finally, we highlight current challenges facing the field of engineered living hydrogels for their applications in clinical and environmental settings. The convergence of engineering, biology, and materials science is providing unprecedented opportunities to integrate living microbes into hydrogel matrices. This integration constructs engineered living hydrogels with the capability of performing tasks associated with living microbes such as self-replication, self-adaption, and environmental responsiveness.