INFLUENCE OF THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION ON RICE YIELD AND NITROGEN AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY WITH DIFFERENT N APPLICATION RATES
INFLUENCE OF THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION ON RICE YIELD AND NITROGEN AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY WITH DIFFERENT N APPLICATION RATES
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DOI：
10.1017/s0014479709007583
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发表时间：
2009-07
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Limei Zhao;Lian Wu;Yongshan Li;Xing-Hua Lu;De-feng Zhu;N. Uphoff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Limei Zhao;Lian Wu;Yongshan Li;Xing-Hua Lu;De-feng Zhu;N. Uphoff
在2005年和2006年进行了田间试验，以研究替代水稻栽培系统对籽粒产量、水分生产率、氮吸收和氮利用效率（ANUE，农学氮利用效率; PFP，施氮偏要素生产率）的影响。试验比较了水稻强化栽培（SRI）和传统淹水（TF）的做法。还评估了不同施氮量（0、80、160和240 kg ha−1）以及施氮量与栽培系统相互作用的影响。SRI的谷物产量范围为5.6至7.3 t ha−1，TF管理的产量范围为4.1至6.4 t ha−1。平均而言，2005年SRI下的粮食产量比TF高21%，2006年高22%。与TF相比，SRI样地在两年内的四种氮肥水平下都具有较高的收获指数。但两种栽培方式的地上生物量在各年均无显著差异。与TF相比，SRI在80 kg N ha−1下的ANUE显著增加，而在较高的施氮量下，SRI的ANUE显著低于TF。与TF相比，SRI下的PFP在两年内的所有四种氮水平下都更高，尽管240 kg N ha−1的差异不显著。随着施氮量的增加，SRI和TF下的ANUE和PFP均显著降低。2005年，SRI的灌溉用水量减少了40%，2006年减少了47%，与TF相比，水资源利用效率（包括总用水量和灌溉用水量）显著提高。无论是SRI还是TF，最高施氮量都与籽粒产量、氮素利用效率和水分利用效率的降低相关。这是一个重要的发现，鉴于目前的争论，在中国的氮肥施用量是否高于最佳水平，特别是考虑到土壤和水资源的后果。本研究中栽培制度、施氮量及其交互作用均产生了显著差异。结果表明，优化氮肥施用量对提高水稻产量、氮肥利用率和水分利用效率具有重要意义。
SUMMARY Field experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to investigate the impacts of alternative rice cultivation systems on grain yield, water productivity, N uptake and N use efficiency (ANUE, agronomic N use efficiency; PFP, partial factor productivity of applied N). The trials compared the practices used with the system of rice intensification (SRI) and traditional flooding (TF). The effects of different N application rates (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha−1) and of N rates interacting with the cultivation system were also evaluated. Resulting grain yields with SRI ranged from 5.6 to 7.3 t ha−1, and from 4.1 to 6.4 t ha−1 under TF management. On average, grain yields under SRI were 21% higher in 2005 and 22% higher in 2006 than with TF. Compared with TF, SRI plots had higher harvest index across four fertilizer N rates in both years. However, there was no significance difference in above-ground biomass between two cultivation systems in either year. ANUE was increased significantly under SRI at 80 kg N ha−1 compared with TF, while at higher N application rates, ANUE with SRI was significantly lower than TF. Compared with TF, PFP under SRI was higher across all four N rates in both years, although the difference at 240 kg N ha−1 was not significant. As N rate increased, the ANUE and PFP under both SRI and TF significantly decreased. Reduction in irrigation water use with SRI was 40% in 2005 and 47% in 2006, and water use efficiency, both total and from irrigation, were significantly increased compared to TF. With both SRI and TF, the highest N application was associated with decreases in grain yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency. This is an important finding given current debates whether N application rates in China are above the optimum, especially considering consequences for soil and water resources. Cultivation system, N rates and their interactions all produced significant differences in this study. Results confirmed that optimizing fertilizer N application rates under SRI is important to increase yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency.