Women's work, autonomy, and birth control: Evidence from two South Indian villages
Women's work, autonomy, and birth control: Evidence from two South Indian villages
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DOI：
10.1080/0032472031000149296
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发表时间：
1996-07-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Morgan, SP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dharmalingam, A;Morgan, SP
在这项研究中，我们对比了两个南印度村庄，为妇女提供非常不同的就业机会。我村的许多妇女都卷beedis，这是一种粗糙的手卷香烟。beedi工作的结构是为了满足beedi承包商的需要而设计的，但无意中它给了妇女很大的自主权。在第二村，很少有妇女从事有报酬的工作。我们认为，这些不同的就业机会影响妇女的自主权，这反过来又影响重要的人口统计结果。更准确地说，我们认为，更大的自主权将增加避孕药具的使用妇女谁不想更多的孩子。我们发现这一假设得到了有力的支持。但是，由于第二村几乎没有竞争性的就业机会，该村的妇女接受的教育比第一村的妇女多得多。更高的教育水平也与更多的避孕药具使用有关。因此，总的来说，各个村庄之间的避孕药具使用率差别不大。更一般地说，这项研究表明，在非常不同的情况下，生育率会下降，低生育率也会存在。
In this study we contrast two South Indian villages which offer women very different employment opportunities. Many women in Village I roll beedis, which are crude hand-rolled cigarettes. The structure of beedi work was designed to meet the needs of the beedi contractor, but inadvertently it has provided women with substantial autonomy. In Village II very few women work for pay. We argue that these different employment opportunities affect women's autonomy, which in turn influences important demographic outcomes. More precisely, we argue that greater autonomy will increase contraceptive use among women who want no more children. We find strong support for this hypothesis. But, because there are few competing employment opportunities in Village II, women in that Village have received substantially more education than those in Village I. This higher level of education is also associated with greater contraceptive use. Thus, overall, the level of contraceptive use does not vary greatly between villages. More generally, this study shows that fertility decline occurs, and that low fertility can exist, in very different settings.