Dissecting drought- and cold-tolerance traits in the Lolium-Festuca complex by introgression mapping
Dissecting drought- and cold-tolerance traits in the Lolium-Festuca complex by introgression mapping
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00832.x
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发表时间：
1997-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Thomas, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Humphreys, M;Thomas, HM;Thomas, H
近年来，在百合-羊茅复合体细胞遗传学方面的最新进展为理解和操纵复杂的生理机制，如抗旱和抗寒提供了新的机会。本文介绍了早期生长良好、营养价值高的何首乌（L. multiflorum）和抗逆性强的黄花蓟马（F. arundinacea）两种植物的杂交育种方案。这些计划的目的是使Lolium基因组能够迅速恢复，并限制来自Festuca的重组基因的数量。利用基因组原位杂交（GISH）和同工酶标记表明，来自羊茅基因组任何部分的基因复合物如何渗入到黑麦草中。这使我们能够构建结合Lolium和Festuca两种理想性状的基因型。通过将不同的Festuca基因渗入到Lolium中，可以将诸如耐旱性和耐寒性等数量性状“解剖”到它们的不同组成部分，以阐明它们的功能。利用基因组原位杂交技术（GISH）可以定位禾草耐胁迫基因，并将其分配到禾草的染色体臂上。本文描述了两种黑麦草基因型，其中抗旱基因从黑麦草的pratensis亚基因组转移到黑麦草的2号染色体上。2个抗旱品系叶片正面的水导率均为羊茅高，背面的水导率为黑穗草低。本文还介绍了多花l - F. arundinacea杂种的雄激素作用如何导致基因型的选择和表征，这些基因型与干旱和冷冻胁迫共适应，在某些情况下超过了羊茅亲本。
Recent advances in the cytogenetics of the Lolium-Festuca complex provide new opportunities for understanding and manipulating complex physiological mechanisms such as drought and cold resistance. This paper describes breeding programmes involving hybrids between two species: L. multiflorum, which offers good early growth and high nutritive value, and F. arundinacea, which is more stress tolerant. The programmes are designed to allow a rapid recovery of the Lolium genome and to restrict numbers of recombinants derived from Festuca. Use of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and an isozyme marker demonstrates how gene complexes from any part of the Festuca genome can be introgressed into Lolium. This enables us to construct genotypes combining desirable traits of both Lolium and Festuca species. By introgressing different Festuca genes into Lolium, quantitative traits such as tolerance to drought and cold can be 'dissected' into their different components, to clarify their function. Festuca genes for stress tolerance can be located by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and assigned to regions of chromosome arms in Lolium. Two Lolium genotypes are described, in which genes for drought resistance transferred from the F. pratensis sub-genome of F. arundinacea onto chromosome 2 of Lolium. The two drought-resistant lines have the high water conductance of Festuca on their adaxial leaf surface and the low abaxial conductance of Lolium. The paper also describes how androgenesis of L. multiflorum x F. arundinacea hybrids has led to the selection and characterization of genotypes with coacclimation to drought and freezing stress, in some cases exceeding that in the Festuca parent.